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The Pre-Trial Motions are Just the Beginning of the Fascist Conspiracy Against Bobby and Ericka

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REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION: NOVEMBER 27, 28 & 29, 1970 WASHINGTON, D.C.

NO DEFINITE LOCATION SITE HAS BEEN CONFIRMED AS OF YET

where is Freedom when a peoples right to "Freedom of Speech" is denied to the paint of murder? When attempts at "Freedom of the Press" brings bombings and lynchings"

Where is Freedom when the right to "peacefully assemble" brings on massacres? Where is our right to "keep and bear arms" when Black People are attacked by the Racist Gestapa of America? Where is "religious freedom" when places of worship become the scene of shoot-ins and bomb-ins? Where is the right to vote "regardless of race or color" when murder takes place at the voting polls? Are we free when we are not even secure from being savagely murdered in our sleep by policemen who stand blatantly before the world but yet go unpunished? Is that "…equal protection of the laws"? The empty promise of the Constitution to "establish Justice" lies exposed to the world by the reality of Black People's existence. For 400 years now, Black People have suffered an unbroken chain of abuse at the hands of White America. For 400 years we have been treated as America's foot-stool. This fact is so clear that it requires no argumentation.

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PHILLY'S FINEST SWINE MURDER AGAIN

On Monday, October 12, 1970, at approximately 1:30 p.m., in the 2900 block of Ringold St., Rizzo's storm troopers snatched the life of brother Dwight A. Byrd (known to the people as Reddy). Reddy was shot down like a dog in the streets by Pig John Byrne and his bootlicking pig partner James Winchester. These pigs claim that Reddy attacked them with a sword. However, it is known that swine Winchester snatched the sword and threw it on the ground minutes before the murder took place.

Reddy was talking to some young bloods in the community when the storm troopers drove up. They jumped out of the car with their guns drawn. (Earlier these same two pigs had been harassing other people in the community.) Immediately they approached Reddy who had a cane in his hand that broke down to a sword. Ignoring the pigs, Reddy started speaking Arabic and swinging the cane over his head. Racist dog Byrne, became reactionary and fired two shots at point black range, hitting Reddy in the chest and in the leg. Then in an overkill method, bootlicking Winchester fired again but missed pig Byrne then lifted Reddy's feet about four feet off the ground, and let them slam back down.

Carnall Ball, a brother from the community who was walking down the street saw the pig car and went to find out what the racist pig and his Black running dog were doing in his community. As he approached the scene the shooting took place. Carnall asked the pigs why they had shot Reddy and if it was really necessary to shoot an unarmed man after he was on the ground. Pig Byrne told Carnall that it was none of his business and to get out of community. Carnall replied, "If it's anybody who should leave, it's you." They then kidnapped Carnall off the street and took him to the pig pen. At the pig pen another lackey pig, trying to bootlick his way to freedom, beat Carnall while he was handcuffed. During the beating, Carnall's artificial leg was broken. After being held for the three hours, he was released with no charges.

One of Reddy's friends, Edward ("Toot") Strong, who had been a few yards away from him when he was shot, went to his sister's (Charlotte) house and told her what had happened. When Charlotte got to him. Reddy was lying on the ground speaking Arabic. Charlotte pleaded with the low-natured pigs to take her brother to a hospital in a pig van parked near by. The pigs told her that it was for emergencies only.

While waiting for an ambulance to come Toot told pig Byrne that he didn't have to shoot Reddy because again he was unarmed. Pig Byrne became reactionary and punched Toot in his head. Toot started to defend himself with his hands, but remembering he was unarmed and didn't have a chance he walked away. Pig Byren then said, "Nigger I out a shoot you too". Toot stopped walking and the blood thirsty pigs kidnapped him and took him to the Pig Pen.

About forty minutes had elapsed and two people had been arrested before the pig van came (not ambulance) to take Reddy to the hospital. The pigs slung his body on a stretcher, and shoved it into the pig van. Charlotte (Reddy's sister pleaded to go with her brother, and she was shoved in the pig van with him. Reddy died 30 minutes later at Temple University Hospital. They shot him down like a dog, but his spirit still remains. He had organized the Nigga's off the block who were gang warring, on drugs, or just victims of this fascist government. Reddy, twenty two years old, was a respected member of the community and the pigs shot him down like an animal.

Pigs and racist dogs throughout Babylon have invaded and plundered our communities for centuries and thousands of our people have died. It is necessary for all oppressed people and Black people in particular to arm themselves to defend themselves because 'An unarmed people are slaves, or are subjected to slavery at any given moment.

Power comes from the barrel of the gun

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OPENING OF THE CLEVELAND NCCF FREE BREAKFAST PROGRAM

The Cleveland N.C.C.F. has implemented a Free Breakfast for Children Program in continuing to meet the basic needs of the people, the location of the Breakfast Program is 2809 East 79th St., downstairs from the Black Community Information Center.

We realize that people can relate to programs which are meeting basic needs rather than listening to the lying demagogic politicians empty promises. The first basic need in order to live is food. The program begins at 7:30 a.m. and continues until 8:45 a.m. Monday thru Friday. On Saturday lunch is served from 12 to 1 p.m.

Monday through Saturday the number of children increased from 18 to 26. Saturday the Revolutionary film "Off the Pig" was shown and the kids sang revolutionary songs. Twenty-one dollars in donations for the Breakfast Program was stolen by the pigs in the June 29th raid of the N.C.C.F. office, but the underhanded tricks of the reactionary force cannot and will not destroy the people's will the beat goes on and it will continue to go on strong. Location for the other Breakfast Program will be announced soon.

For further information contact 888-5055/56

YOUTH MAKE THE REVOLTION

N.C.C.F. Cleveland, Ohio Curtis Johnson

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STRIKE AT FOLSOM PRISON

Convicts at Folson Prison have announced a work strike beginning on November 3rd to "seek an end to the injustice suffered by all prisoners, regardless of race, creed or color." Similar protests are expected at San Quentin and other state prisons. Supporters of the prisoners will picket at the Folsom entrance at 10 a.m. on November 3rd, with small picket lines at San Quentin and Soledad, to express solidarity with the inmates.

The Folsom convicts, in a "Manifesto of Demands of anti-Oppression Platform," state that all convict labor and assigned activity will stop at 8:30 a.m. on November 3rd, except for hospital and culinary workers.

"The administrators of the California prison system," the inmates charge," have restructured the institutions which were designed to socially correct men into the fascist concentration camps of modern America." The prisoners claim that, instead of being helped in their efforts to learn to live without violence and to accept socially approved values of law and justice, they are treated with hostility and brutality, victimized by exploitation, and denied due process of law.

In the manifesto of thirty-one demands issued o the California Department of Corrections, the Adult Authority, the Legislature, and the California and United States Courts, the convicts ask for significant changes in legal rights, work programs, and prison conditions.

They call for an end to indeterminate sentences (such as the frequent one-year-to-life terms), the right to legal representation at parole board hearings, and the establishment of a lawyers' panel to provide legal assistance to inmates.

They strongly endorse a proposal by the Black Caucus of the state Legislature (made in a report on Soledad Prison issued last June), that a Board of Overseers for the state prisons be established to investigate complaints by inmates "against employees charged with acting inhumanely, illegally, or unreasonably." The Caucus recommended that the Board members be nominated by a psychiatric association, the state bar, and groups of concerned laymen. The inmates complain that guards tear gas convicts while they are in their cells and are not prosecuted for beating or shooting inmates.

Many of the convicts' demands deal with the prison work program. They call for an end to wages of 2¢ to 16¢ per hour, seeking minimum wage scales, an 8 hour day with standard industry working conditions, and workmens' compensation for on-the-job accidents. They ask for unionized vocational training programs, geared to realistic future employment opportunities, and the right to form labor unions.

The prisoners also seek an increase in visiting hours from the present four per month to 8, and improvements in medical care.

For further information, call Lunne Hollander, 863-6055.

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128 PAGES OF REVOLUTIONARY ART

WE HAVE TO BEGIN TO DRAW
PICTURES THAT WILL MAKE
PEOPLE GO OUT AND KILL PIGS

EMORY DOUGLAS
MINISTER OF CULTURE
BLACK PANTHER PARTY

Our Minister of Culture, Emory Douglas has a new book in printing to be released in the near future. The title is "We will not hesitate to either kill or die for our freedom."

WE WILL NOT HESITATE
TO EITHER KILL OR DIE
FOR OUR FREEDOM

Revolutionary Art by
Emory Douglas
Minister of Culture
Black Panther Party

Emory illustrates the essence of revolutionary art, "the people", in pictures as well as gives the Black Panther Party's position on revolutionary art.

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TWO YEARS AFTER THE MASSACRE - CLEVE SELLERS CONVICTED IN ORANGEBURG

Orangeburg, N.C. (LNS) -- A South Carolina jury of nine Whites and three Blacks have convicted Cleve Sellers of participating in what his attorneys called "the first one-man riot is history." He was given the maximum penalty of one year in hard labor and a fine of $250.

The case grew out o the 1968 Orangeburg Massacre, where highway patrolmen gunned down three young Blacks and wounded 27 others on the campus of South Carolina State College after the Students' attempt to integrate a local bowling alley.

Cleve Sellers, a former program secretary of SNCC, was the most prominent Black activist in the area. As a spokesman for Governor Robert McNair said at the time: "He's the main man. He's the biggest nigger in the crowd."

Sellers was shot in the arm the night of the massacre and arrested at the segregated Orangeburg Regional Hospital where he went for treatment. He was charged on five counts ranging from arson to assault with intent to kill. Possible penalties totalled death plus 78; years. He was held at the State Penitentiary in Columbia on $50, 000 bail. While in his jail cell he was served with a fugitive warrant from Louisiana based on an old civil rights charge there. He also faced trial on charges of refusing induction into the armed forces.

The official version of the massacre was that the students were "whipped up to a frenzy" by "outside agitator" Sellers, and that the police only shot to protect their lives in the face of repeated sniper fire from the campus. It is asenario that many embattled officials have thought up to justify murder after the fact.

No one, including the FBI which had 30-40 agents working on the case for four months, has been able to verify that a single shot was fired at the police. The only policeman injured was struck by a piece of wood. On the other hand, a majority of the student victims were shot in the back and some were even struck in the soles of the feet as they lay flat on the ground attempting to duck under the barrage of bullets.

Henry Smith, one of the students who died, was shot five times, beaten with a rifle butt by police and dragged down a hill.

During the May 1969 trial of nine highway patrolmen charged with violating the civil rights of the students they shot, Federal Judge J. Robert Martin refused to allow a picture of Henry Smith's body to be introduced as evidence on the grounds that it was "crude". The patrolmen were all acquitted.

White Orangeburg was prepared for the Sellers trial. A National Guard unit was on alert, the streets around the courthouse were blockaded off, and a solid row of uniformed highway patrolmen formed a human barrier between the participants in the trial and the many spectators, most of them Black. Defense attorneys tried to get the case removed to federal court on the grounds that Sellers could not get a fair trial in Orangeburg, but they were rebuffed in their effort by Judge Clement Haynesworth, a man whom Congress refused to accept as Justice of the Supreme Court.

Dick Gregory once succinctly (brief) summarized Northern and Southern patterns of racism by saying that up North they don't care how big you get as long as you don't get too close, whereas down South they don't care how close you get as long as you don't get too big.

Cleve Sellers coolly sauntering into the courthouse at Orangeburg, South Carolina wearing a Harvard University T-shirt is an example of someone who's just gotten too big for most of the White residents of that town. Especially when he's backed up by several rows of Black students wearing "Free Cleve Now" badges. Judge Grimball ruled that the badges had to be removed because they would "probably influence the jury adversely to your client."

The defense protested the fact that all of the restroom doors were marked for "employees only". (In most Southern towns, courthouse employees are all White.) Groans were heard from the spectators as the judge made continual references to "colored persons". One law-man on the stand was forced to admit that during the bowling alley demonstrations which preceded the massacre he enforced anti-trespass laws against the students but declined to enforce civil rights laws against the the owner who had refused them service.

The state's case was not impressive. Even the highly conservative Charleston News and Courier noted in its columns that the state's first witness "recited his testimony as though he had memorized it".

As the trial neared its end, the judge directed a verdict of acquittal on all but one of the charges -- that of participating in a riot. He said that no evidence had been introduced to justify consideration of the other charges by the jury. and felt sure the jury would acquit on the final charge.

There was shock in the courtroom when the jury returned after two hours of deliberation with a guilty verdict. Judge Grimball promptly imposed the maximum sentence. Sellers is now free on $5,000 appeal bond.

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BEHIND THE WALLS

This article is the composition of Freddie Massey, a patient at Cuyahoga County Nursing Home in Cleveland, Ohio. He has been handicapped since birth due to negligence on the part of the doctors who delivered an awareness of the decadent conditions we are all subjected to.

* * * *

Have you ever gone behind the walls of an oppressive institution? If you have then you know what I'm going to talk about. If not, then let me relate to you what it's all about. First, when you have to live behind the walls as I have you really find out what people are generally like, especially when you are Black. You are in a world created by the power structure for just one thing, exploitation.

In the nursing home they throw in a rent-a-pig preacher that preaches the submissive gospel while the system still has its foot on your neck. This is part of the brainwashing process to keep your mind from being liberated. Unless you have guts and determination they will try to keep you from having a revolutionary consciousness. I realize that my brothers and sisters who are doctors and nurses are basically interested in the care of disabled Black and oppressed people. They could use their proficient knowledge to train other people how to adequately care for the disabled, therefore using their professional technique to meet the peoples needs rather than for the profit motive. Black patients should be cared for in their Black communities and a real home made for them so they could live like human beings. This would make disabled persons feel as if they are a part of this society rather than outcasts, as this capitalistic system forces them to become. I'm not talking about taking patients out for a few days of enjoyment but the provision of a home where the patients can live and function thereby becoming a part of the community and a part of the everyday struggle for human rights.

I feel that a good home for the chronic and handicapped must have a very good medical team. The team could be composed of a physician and nurses who have had special training in handling chronic illnesses and rehabilitation, physical therapists, occupational therapists, dieticians and qualified social workers on the staff. There should be enough medical equipment available so that all patients receive adequate and safe care. Sufficient nutrition should be in all daily meals.

The basis of a nursing home is the nursing staff consisting of RNs LPNs, aides and orderlies. There must be a sound basis for communication between workers and patients. This is important because no two patients are the same nor are two workers the same. The patient has no choice to determine his destiny as long as he is behind the walls. The people should start laying the framework to create a homelike environment thereby eliminating the repressive institution concept. This in itself is an idea that the people could embrace and control. We could take our lumpen brothers and sisters and with revolutionary love begin to transform this oppressive institution. As long as capitalism exists there will continue to be exploitative institutions. I believe that the Black Panther Party's call for a Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention will help disabled people and all oppressed people here in Babylon. I know that this is the most historic event in this country and I wish all of the people going to Washington, D.C. on Nov. 27-29 all the revolutionary love in the world.

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE

Cuyahoga County Nursing Home
Cleveland, Ohio
Freddie Massey

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SHARON WILLIAMS CONVICTED FOR BEING REVOLUTIONARY

Point No. 9 of the Black Panther Party's Ten Point Platform and Program states that "We want all Black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their Black community as defined by the Constitution of the United States.

Sharon Williams, a Panther sister, originally from New York and now working out of Los Angeles, went to trial on October 20th for Federal Violation of the Firearms Act. At the onset of the trial Judge David Williams stipulated that all of the attorney's questions for the jury would be directed thru him so he could decide which questions the jury would actually be asked. The 12 jurors who were finally picked were not from the Black community nor were they Sharon's peers. The only thing that they were, was hand picked by federal nigger fascist David Williams.

Sharon's attorneys also filed two motions for a continuance before the actual trial proceedings began. The first motion requested that a continuance be granted until the District Court of Appeals could make a decision on a motion filed arguing that the Federal Firearms Act is unconstitutional on its face. At this point, the attorneys also pointed out that the California state gun law contradicts the federal gun law. After this motion for continuance was denied, the attorneys filed a second. The second motion requested time to get a deposition from Sharon's attorney in New York that could be entered into the case in Sharon's behalf. The deposition would have stated that charges against Sharon in New York have been pending for 1 1/2 years and during that time the charge has been changed several times. Also, it would have stated that as far as Sharon knew she wasn't indicted for a crime punishable by more than a year in prison. This motion and every other motion the defense attorneys filed during the trial was denied.

In a very shot time and without much deliberation, Sharon was convicted because she refused to accept the oppression of this system. Sharon and all Black people have exhausted all legal means of fighting fascist repression. Now, the people must take the courts in their own hands and mete out revolutionary people's justice to their oppressors.

BLACK PANTHER PARTY

Southern California Chapter

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THE SELLING OF THE BLACK COMMUNITY BY THE GUARDIAN CIVIC LEAGUE!

Presently in Babylon there exist bootlickers who have transgressed like man's technology and become a repressive tool of the pig power structure. The Philadelphia Guardian Civic League headed by H. Edward Harrell is composed of these type modern day bootlickers who are honorary members of the Chief Pig Rizzo's "Divide and Conquer" squad.

The Guardian Civic League has been endorsed, publicized and made prominent by the oppressive power structure. The pigs use the League as a tool to try to control the community, exploit the community resources, and make niggas suffer peacefully.

Recently in an effort to reimplement the age old pig tactic of divide and conquer, the Guardian Civic League issued a statement in full support of the "Destroy and ill missions" carried out by Rizzo's dogs on August 31, 1970 against he Philadelphia branch of the Black Panther Party. In exchange for the statement, the League of lackeys got to use a pig department bus to go to New York to show off ther "negro" pride in a parade.

However, after too many years of suffering the masses of people have reached the level where nothing will deter them from gaining their freedom. The only parade the people want to see is one of the pigs to their deaths.

DEATH TO THE PIGS!

Black Panther Party
Philadelphia, Branch

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THE PEOPLE ORGANIZE TO FREE ANGELA

(FROM LNS)

Representatives from more than 15 organizations met on Oct. 25 to form the National United Committee to Free Angela Davis, and in a press conference the following day, the new defense committee announced both legal actions and a demonstration to protest the conditions under which Angela is being held.

Angela has been held in the Women's House of Detention since her arrest on Oct. 13. Except for 20 hours in a dormitory, she has been in solitary confinement, guarded 24 hours a day, and with restricted reading materials and visitors. On Oct. 24, she began a hunger strike, not so much to dramatize her own conditions but to protest the conditions under which all inmates are held.

The press conference, held at the office of the National Conference of Black Lawyers, was attended by Alice Graham, Co-chairman of the NCBL, Fania Davis Jordaan, sister of Angela, and cochairman of the Free Angela committee, Margaret Burnham, NCBL member who is one of Angela's attorneys, Yoruba, minister of information of the Young Lords Party, Victor Martinez, former member of the prison rebellion's negotiating team and representing the Inmates Liberation Front, and Masai Hewitt, Minister of Education of the Black Panther Party.

The National Conference of Black Lawyers (NCLB) announced its plans to file a Federal law suit on behalf of Angela, challenging the Corrections Department's order imposing solitary confinement, restricted reading, and limitation of visitors of lawyers and immediate family. They were also sponsoring the demonstration -- an indication of the growing recognition on the part of radical lawyers that legal means alone are not sufficient.

Fania Davis Jordan, reading a statement prepared by the Free Angela Comm, declared:

'After the vicious manhunt for Angela Davis, where all the repressive agencies of the government were used for her capture, her condition now in prison is a continuation of the Nixon-Agnew-Reagan policy to destroy her and make her an example to everyone who would speak out and organize against their racist repressive policies.

`Angela Davis' life is in jeopardy. New York is already notorious for its outrageous and inhumane prison conditions. The recent murder of Julio Roldan, a member of the Young Lords Party, and the treatment of the NY Panther 21, are examples of that.

In a call for action around the country. Fania emphasized: `No time should be lost in taking immediate action on behalf of Angela Davis. This attempt to destroy her can only be answered by a massive national movement to free Angela Davis.'

She called for national demonstrations to protest `this racist attempt to destroy this heroic Black communist.'

The committee also called for people to send telegrams to NY Commissioner of Corrections. George McGrath, demanding the immediate end of Angela's solitary confinement.

McGrath has said that the Women's House of Detention does not have facilities for solitary confinement, implying that this meant Angela was not in solitary. Her attorney, Margarett Burnham, pointed out this was true -- the Women's House of Detention had had to prepare a special room, formally a clinic, in which to isolate the Black revolutionary, out of fear of revolutionizing the other inmates. The process was useless anyway, she indicated. Disruption protests and strikes had been occuring in the House of Detention long before Angela's presence, due to the notorious conditions there.

Masai Hewitt, speaking for the Black Panther Party, said that the conditions under which Angela is being kept `are what brought about the incident in Marin', and said that the continuation of this kind of treatment of prisoners -- as is evident in the treatment of the Young lords and the Panther 21 will bring about many, many more Marins, because the spirit of Jonathan Jackson still lives.'

Yoruba, YLP Minister of Information, said that the Young Lords, though exhausted from their weeklong protests and seizure of the People's Church following the murder of YLP member Julio Roldan in the Tombs prison, would be present at the demonstration for Angela on the 26th. "We have to fight against the conditions of the prisons with bars and concrete as well as the prisons in the streets, 'he said.

Victor Martinez said that inmates and former inmates would also be taking part in the protest, that they had already been informed, and those inside and outside would be participating and lending their support.

The immediate future for Angela is the Women's House of Detention as lawyers fight against the extradition order -- already signed by NY Gov. Nelson Rockfeller through a Writ of Habeus Corpus. A hearing will follow the filing of the writ on Nov. 5. In the meantime, the people will be acting out their part in the streets. The National United Committee to Free Angela Davis is located at 555 N. Western Ave, Los Angeles Calif (phone 213-234-1946). A NY Defense office is at 29 W. 15th St., NY, NY (phone 212-281-5043). Checks can be sent there.

FREE ANGELA!
FREE OUR SISTERS!
FREE ALL POLITICAL
PRISONERS!

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NO ONE KNOWS ME… NOT THE JUDGE, NOT THE JURY

No one knows me…Not the judge, not the jury. Not knowing me, no one can say that I am vicious or that I am a beast. The system is so racist that a black man will always be wrong.

Charles H. Connelly, a Black man accused by racist pigs, convicted by racist pigs, for killing a racist pig, is condemned to die in the electric chair. He joins many other Black men, who because all other avenues to freedom are closed, have picked up the gun to strike death blows to those who oppress us.

Brother Connolly is accused of killing pig Thomas Kelly, a trigger-happy racist, one of the many employed by the oppressor class, to patrol our communities and to kill anyone who threatens the vested interests of the oppressors.

Pig Kelly was shot dead when he and his racist cohort, Thomas C. Newstrom, unlawfully stopped the the victim of an extensive, vicious manhunt for several months because he had removed himself from the clutches of the unhumane, brutal Illinois State Penal system, by overpowering his pig parole officer after the pig parole officer had threatened to send him back to prison for allegedly having a gun in his possession. On his capture, the two pigs never had the opportunity to murder this brother. In his quest for freedom and knowing the true nature of the fascist pigs he moved to defend himself.

After having been captured and imprisoned for defending himself, he again attempted to escape the brutal system of American Justice by overpowering two guards at the Criminal Courts Building. Charles Connolly has shown that he will not relinquish struggling until he is either free or dead.

Speaking before pig Judge Robert Dowing, who condemned him to die in the electric chair Brother Connolly echoed the feeling of thirty million Black people, when he said "no one knows me, not Walsh (pig prosecutor), not Mr. Weeksman (defense attorney), not the judge, not the jury. Not knowing me, no one can say I am vicious or that I am a beast. The system is so racist that a Black man will always be wrong."

After turning deaf ears on the truth as spoken by a Black man struggling for his freedom, the judge stated, "the evidence clearly established that you are a truculent (inclined to fight) person, a ruthless, bloodthirsty, individual who does not care for human life, especially if it gets in you way. I am satisfied that if given the opportunity, you will kill again, if given the weapons. We say right-on, pig Judge Dowing, because there are twenty to thirty million truculent niggers who don't give a damn about the human life of our oppressors, niggers who don't care about the human life of our oppressors, and who will kill anyone who gets in the way of our freedon.

The people have understood that the only way to obtain their freedom is to take it.

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE

Black Panther Party
Illinois Chapter

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CONCERNING THE BRUTAL MURDER OF JULIO ROLDEN

Julio Rolden, 34 years old, a member of the cadre of the Young Lord Party, was found murdered in his cell in the Tombs.

On Friday, October 16, 1970 -- a revolutionary man -- Julio Rolden was brutally and cowardly murdered by pigs who were much less of men than the man that they murdered. We feel deeply the sorrow of Brother Julio's family and loved ones -- we know the depth of this sorrow from our previous revolutionary experiences -- and we, the revolutionary brothers in jail feel a complete solidarity with brother Julio's family and loved ones and also with the action being taken by brother Julio's brothers and sisters. However, this letter is not specifically to the family or his loved ones -- but to all of his brothers and sisters -- all of our brothers and sisters out there in Babylon -- in prisons -- caged and uncaged.

We write this to all of Julio's and to all of our revolutionary brothers and sisters because we wish to see the immediate end of these repressive murders of our comrades and only you, our brothers and sisters, can give a proper revolutionary epitaph to Julio.

We are in a struggle -- a life and death struggle with the pigs. We have no alternative, it's either victory or death. We, as Julio did, know those moments, as Che Guevara said, "When death is a concept a thousand times more real, and victory a myth that only a revolutionary can dream". But what about this victory. It is victory that can only be won by revolution -- by bloodshed.

Theories that are not put into practice become dreams -- empty dreams. We must change our courage around -- it is essential for a revolutionary to be able to interpret reality. Reality is the poverty, racism, oppression and fascism of Babylon. Reality is Vietnam. Reality is a colonialized Puerto Rico. Reality is the ghettos and (EI) Barrios of Babylon Reality is White law and order and 90% of the prisoners in prisons being Black and Puerto Rican. Reality is Julio Rolden.

Demonstrating, picketing, marching, singing, rallying, petitioning or screaming will not change this reality. Only revolution will change it. Babylon does not sing and rally in Vietnam, in the ghettos, in the barrios, or in their prisons. All this was and is done by reactionary force and violence.

The duty of a revolutionary is to make revolution. We must change our courage around, it is not enough for us to be willing to die to change conditions. Too many of us have died. Now, we must be completely willing and ready to kill to change conditions.

One of the first laws of a revolutionary life is that no one survives it alone. The group interest is the interest of each one and vice versa

We think that Julio would not ask for mourning or sympathy but revolutionary justice.

You must, we all must, get out of that demonstration and rally rut and begin to really deal with the problem and its reality in a revolutionary manner. Revolutionary violence is the most important weapon that we have. The cog in the machinery must be destroyed. We must as revolutionaries, create our own objective conditions. Avenge ourselves of this 400 year old living hell. End the horror of the prisons of Babylon -- caged or uncaged The duty of a revolutionary is to make revolution. We must make Julio's death meaningful and continue his work.

DARE TO STRUGGLE -- DARE TO WIN!

HIS REVOLUTIONARY COMRADES IN JAIL

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FREE POLITICAL PRISONERS RALLY IN VENTURA

Ventura's first public rally to free all political prisoners was held October 10 at the Plaza park much to the dismay of local rulers. Almost 150 people, mostly youths, listened to Don Freed, CUPP, Tamu Ushindi, Soledad brothers Defense Committe; Ron Ridenour, CUPP; Jacobo Rodriquez, Cherano moritorium; and Michael Barton, University of California at Santa Barbara student, Isla Vista rebel and peace and freedom candidate, speak of the two sided sword of America's imperilism the wars abroad and the war at home. Richard Handley, chairman of the Concerned Citizens for Peace and the Ventura chapter of CUPP (Committe United for Political Prisoners) moderated the day. Fresh Air, a rock band in the Ventura area played and Jo Wilkinson, a Los Angeles political folk singer, sang about people's movements. The people heard how officials tried to prevent the meeting from occurring. The wanted CUPP to pay $124 for the use of the public park, $12 for cleaning park, $40 for no parking signs around the area so the police could have a clear view, and $72 for "plainclothes-men." Officials (Department of Recreation in conspiracy with City Council) insisted that the police would be there only to protect the rally from any "outside reactionaries super patriots," were the words used.

CUPP pointed out, however, that the four spies in the audience (pictures were acquired every-one's use) with their guns sticking out were there to intimidate and add more names to the endless list. Shell Oil Company loaned their piglets office space across the street so that the clear view could be recorded on film. The people gave the spies the people's power salute and the rally tied in local repression with that against the Black Panther Party, the Soledad Brothers, Reis Ti jerina, Alfredo Brian, and the millions more behind bars both inside and outside of jails. Freed introduced the theme for the day.

"There are direct correspondences between the fact that its the same people who are roasting women and children to death with napalm in Vietnam and poisoning, polluting, rapping and destroying the atmosphere and the earth of our country and who are putting people in jail, who are breaking down doors in the middle of the night, and who are trying to impose the guns, and on the campuses impose with grades, their world view on a population which outnumbers them ten to one.

He spoke of the rulers who scandalize the world concluding, "So we are determined to fight," for as Thoreau said, "We are not born to die for Spiro Agnew or Hubert Humphrey, or Richard Nixon." Finally, who are they? These people who think that not only the earth belongs to them, but there sources of the earth, and the airways, and the air, and the water, and the energy and the gift outright as Frost called it, or the Continent itself and the rest of the world. Who are they, these men who play god, after millions of corpses, after people who have used technology to maim and murder? It's not only a crime against Bobby Seale, and the Black Panther Party, and the people who are in prison, and the people on campuses who must bend to those grades because they know behind the grades are the guns, it's not only a crime against them its a crime against the past, and its a crime against the future, all the people yet unborn who deserve to come into a world where they are not going to take their last gasp of polluted air, or find themselves drafted into the last war of nuclear weapons, or be pent up like cattle in the last ghetto or barrio. It's a crime against the unborn. "And it's not a question of history judging them, it is our position to judge them in the name of the past and in the name of the future. The numbers of political prisoners stretch our endlessly. There is no debate necessary any longer whether there are concentration camps in America. The penitentiary System is the concentration camp system in this country. There they are, the Blacks and the Browns, and some Whites just as though they were on the front lines in Vietnam. And the prisons are becoming to the 70's what the universities were in the 60's and we need to link up with those prisons by supporting the Panther bussing program, to get communications between families and friends of prisoners. And through CUPP to get signatures on the Free Bobby Seale petition (Ventura's chapter has already collected 300 names in a hostile area of 50,000 people.) And to have teach-ins everywhere, on the campuses, in churches, unions, organizations." Freed called on all of us to stop this monster, to do whatever is necessary, non-violently or however, to stop the means of production on campuses and everywhere until this corrupt, hendious system is brought to a final halt and the new life, a true life for us all is born. He also illustrated how the real pigs are the ones who call the police and armies into the streets and campuses, the politicians, the administrators, the teachers, and of course those who own the means of production (like Shell Oil Co.) Freed concluded with three steps to protect political prisoners; 1.) use of counter - intelligence; 2) give up individualism which stops us from coming together. Personality is confused with identity, he said. "We are powerless as individuals but combined we are powerful." 3.) "Power to the imagination" create new tools and aid through money, writing, speaking, organizing. The participants in the audience gave Freed a warm salute when he ended his talk. He quoted from John Brown, and suggested that "The price of repression is always greater than the cost of freedom" be our new slogan. Tamu Ushin-explained the development of racism fostered by prison officials is Soledad, and every prison, and how it's used to divide prisoners just as it is in the factories, offices and schools. She related the story of the guard murdering three active and conscious Black prisoners and how the officials called their assassinations "justifiable homocide." A pig was killed minutes after that pronouncement and half the prisoners went on a hunger strike (Whites, Blacks and Browns together). George Jackson Fleeta Drumgo and John Clutchette, all politcally aware brothers were charged with the pig killing and are prohibited from having even a usual police state type trial. Now seven more Blacks are charged with another pig killing. The Soledad Defense committe is asking the people to protest this frame-up by putting all the public pressure possible on the courts and the rulers. CUPP's coordinator, Ron Ridenour, spoke about the local repression and some Panther cases. He explained how Shell Oil and its partners in government are trying to frame Bobby Seale and kill him, "legally" in a desperate attempt to complete genocide against the Panthers and silence the rest of America. Repressive legislation is another side of the coin to stop Americans from changing their country If its on the law books (preventive detention, no-knock laws inciting to riot laws) then alot of people will say right on. After all, aren't we supposed to obey the laws? This is just what occurs in all fascist states, the legalization of murder, of genocide, of obedience to whatever the capitalist rulers desire. There is another tradition is the U.S. Ridenour said, that is violence and self-defense." Violence is in the hands of pigs, the National Rifle Association, and the millions of honkies who raped this land, ripped it from the Indians, the Mexicans, and created slavery in America. We Whites know about violence. The Panthers only employ the great tradition of self-defense, the protecting of oneself and his property, the exercise of the fourth amendment of the Constitution, the right to keep and bear arms.

"CUPP is now directing all its energies to free Bobby Seale. We demand he be freed and demand amnesty for all prisoners." Jacobo Rodriquez interrelated the movements of all peoples fighting for survival against a common oppressor. "All these people some of them are in prison, some of them are free not entirely free, however, because no one is free if your people aren't." He spoke of Alfredo Brian, a 16 year old Chicano, who was shot twice by pigs and once on the ground had three more bullets pumped into his body. "They're holding him in the old County jail. They hope to try him as an adult," Rodriquez said, "We see the police as pigs, as prostitutes. They prostitute themselves to the man. They have pretty good pimps though like Agnew, Nixon, Murphy, Reagon. They have the guns now but the time will come when we will have the guns and we are ready to die, not for money or some status, but for La Causa. "It is high time the people took over the jails and freed all the prisoners. It is high time that we put the Reagans, the Nixons behind bars."

Michael Barton concluded the rally with a message from the war zone in Isla Vixta. He saw the arson trials of the Bank of American defendants as a "crude frame-up." He pointed to his candidacy or the 13th Congressional District as an alternative to "honky politicians and their culture," for the people Isla Vista who are building their own institution such as a credit union, food services and other parallel structures to this exploitative system. He also attacked the "jive politicians of the one party system" Who propose to treat symptoms instead of root causes. The meeting ended in high spirits and peacefully, much to the chagrin of the local pigs.

RON RIDENOUR

-- 6 --

THE PEOPLE WILL DO WHAT IS NECESSARY TO STOP PIG AGGRESSION

The people of the Winston-Salem community are beginning to see the methods of the fascist pigs and their attempts to harass and destroy the National Committee to Combat Fascism. By carrying two of the brothers; Brother George and Brother Grady, servants of the community down to their pig pen, Sunday, October 25, for of all things "putting up posters" in our community. Now Brothers and Sisters get this! When we see that the capitalist of the music industry flood our community, "each week" with posters of rock and roll shows and dances it appears to be alright, but for the Brothers of the National Committee to Combat Fascism it's a crime.

There seems to be a bit of contradiction, one-sideness, and inconsistency her. The only crime the Brothers committed was to be members of the Vanguard Party which teaches the oppressed masses the correct procedure of resistance to the oppressive power structure.

The pigs of Winston-Salem try to drain the funds of the N.C.C.F. by constantly harassing and arresting the brothers. Taking all the cash for bail bonds, so they will not have funds to continue programs like Free Breakfast for hungry children in the community. The people of the community will not permit this. Because the people of Winston-Salem are beginning to relate to the N.C.C.F. and the Free Breakfast Program and all other programs are the peoples programs. The people will do what is necessary to stop these acts of aggression by the aggressive pigs of Winston-Salem!

The Minister of Defense of the Black Panther Party, Huey P. Newton, teaches the people that community control of pigs is the answer to ending pig brutality in our communities. And we will gain community control of police by implementing this ourselves, and dispense of pigs who occupy our community like a foreign troop. The pigs are not in our community to help us, they are not in our community to protect us, they are not in our community to serve us, in fact they do a disservice to us. So why are they here? To oppress us.

The Minister of Dfense of the Black Panther Party also teaches the people the only way to get community control is to get political power. And political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. So what is clearly needed is the immediate implementation of Huey P. Newton's plea to arm yourself against the racist, and fascist attacks of the gestapo pig force of Winston-Salem and the United States.

The people of Winston-Salem say Point No. 7 of the Black Panther Party's Platform and Program will be implemented along with the complete 10 Point Platform and Program of the Party.

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE

Russell and Andy

-- 6 --

MEXICAN BROTHERS FACING FIRST DEGREE RAILROAD

On Oct. 13th, between the hours of 1:00 and 3:00 a.m. an incident occured in the Rivoli Bar 2012 Front St. in Toledo, Ohio. A fight broke out between three Mexicans and eight racist Whites, which left one white racist dog dead. The fight started with an argument (the reason being unknown). The Whites then left and a few minutes later came back with five others. A scuffle broke out, one of the Mexican brothers pulled out a knife and stabbed 29 year old, Frederick L. Ott, of 2011 Caledonia St. He died later in Riverside Hospital emergency room of wounds to his chest and upper left arm. Arrested were Brother David Vasquez 20, and his brother Manuel Vasques 22, both of the Front St. address, and brother Pedro Ruiz 20, of 916 Vinton St. They're being held without bond in the Toledo pig pen for first degree murder. The White pig news media said it was only one man involved in the fight, but the Mexican brothers who came in and reported the fight to which they were witnesses said that eight whites were involved.

These three brothers had the right to defend themselves against an unjust attack. Had it been the other way around, these whites would have little or no charges placed against them and set free.

The Mexican community has come together to help these three brothers get out on bond and get a fair trial. They will not have three of their people unjustly punished. Justice must be exercised and it is the duty of the people to see that this occurs.

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE

Conrad Cunningham
Toledo N.C.C.F.

-- 7 --

Huey would say, “a newspaper is the voice of a party, the voice of the Panther must be beard throughout the land”

We found we as citizens of this country were being kept duped by the government and kept misinformed by the mass media.

The Black Panther Party Black community News Service was created to present factual, reliable information to the people.

The Black Panther Party Black Community News Service is the alternative to the `government approved' stories presented in the mass media and the product of an effort to present the facts, not stories as dictated by the oppressor, but as seen from the other end of a gun.

ALL POWER
TO THE PEOPLE!

SEIZE THE TIME!

-- 7 --

RULES OF THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY

NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS
1048 PERALTA STREET
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

Every member of BLACK PANTHER PARTY throughout this country of racist America must abide by these rules as functional members of this Party. CENTRAL COMMITTEE members, CENTRAL STAFFS, and LOCAL STAFFS, including all captains subordinate to either national, state, and local leadership of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY will enforce these rules. Length of suspension or other disciplinary action necessary for violation of these rules will depend on national, state or state area, and local committees and staffs where said rule or rules of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY WERE VIOLATED.

Every member of the Party must know these verbatum by heart. And apply them daily. Each member must report any violation of these rules to their leadership or they are counter - revolutionary and are also subjected to suspension by the BLACK PANTHER PARTY.

THE RULES ARE:

1. No Party member can have narcotics or weed in his possession while doing Party work.

2. Any Party member found shooting narcotics will be expelled from this Party.

3. No Party member can be DRUNK while doing daily Party Work.

4. No Party member will violate rules relating to office work, general meetings of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY, and meetings of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY ANYWHERE.

5. No Party member will USE, POINT, or FIRE a weapon of any kind unnecessarily or accidentally at anyone.

6. No Party member can join any other army force other than the BLACK LIBERATION ARMY.

7. No Party member can have a weapon in his possession while DRUNK or loaded off narcotics or weed.

8. No Party member will commit any crime against other Party members or Black people at all, and cannot steal or take from the people, not even a needle or a piece of thread.

9. When arrested BLACK PANTHER MEMBERS will give only name, address, and will sign nothing. Legal first aid must be understood by all Party members.

10. The Ten Point Platform and Program of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY must be known and understood by each Party member.

11. Party Communications must be National and Local.

12. The 10-10-10-program should be known by all members and also understood by all members.

13. All Finance officers will operate under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance.

14. Each person will submit a report of daily work.

15. Each Sub-Section Leader, Section Leader, Lieutenant, and Captain must submit Daily reports of work.

16. All Panthers must learn to operate and service weapons correctly.

17. All Leadership personnel who expel a member must submit this information to the Editor of the Newspaper, so that it will be published in the paper and will be known by all Chapters and Branches.

18. Political Education Classes are mandatory for general membership.

19. Only office personnel assigned to respective offices each day should be there. All others are to sell papers and do Political work out in the community, including Captains, Section Leaders, etc.

20. COMMUNICATIONS -- all Chapters must submit weekly reports in writing to the National Headquarters.

21. All Branches must implement First Aid and/or Medical Cadres.

22. All Chapters, Branches, and components of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY must submit a monthly financial Report to the Ministry of Finance, and also the Central Committee.

23. Everyone in a leadership position must read no less than two hours per day to keep abreast of the changing political situation.

24. No Chapter or Branch shall accept grants, poverty funds, money or any other aid from any government agency without contacting the National Headquarters.

25. All Chapters must adhere to the policy and the ideology laid down by the CENTRAL COMMITTEE of the BLACK PANTHER PARTY.

26. All Branches must submit weekly reports in writing to their respective Chapters.

-- [8] --

THE PRE-TRIAL MOTIONS ARE JUST THE BEGINNING OF THE FASCIST CONSPIRACY AGAINST BOBBY AND ERICKA

Black Panther Party Chairman Bobby Seale, has now been incarcerated for over 14 months. On November 17th, he will go to trial in New Haven, Connecticut for murder, conspiracy to commit murder, kidnapping, conspiracy to commit kidnapping and binding. Ericka Huggins, the deputy Chairman of the Connecticut State Chapter of the Black Panther Party who has been incarcerated at Niantic, Connecticut State Prison for Women since May, 1969, will also go on trial the same day for the exact same charges. Chairman Bobby and Ericka are accused of the torture and murder of another Panther, Alex Rackley on April 19, 1969 in New Haven (two days after Bobby spoke at Yale).

In what will prove to be a tragedy of errors for the pigs, the geniuses of fascism (the FBI in conjunction with the Connecticut State pigs) will bring almost a year and a half of treacherous manipulating to a climax.

In an obvious conspiracy against the leadership of the Black Panther Party the pigs have disposed of the other codefendants in various ways. Lonnie McLucas has been tried and convicted of conspiracy to murder Alex Rackley. He was acquitted of kidnapping resulting in death, conspiracy to kidnap, and binding with criminal intent. Frances Carter was released after a year and charged with a lesser offense because of insufficient evidence. After 16 months of imprisonment, Peggy Hudgins, Rose Smith and George Edwards were released by Judge Mulvey in conjunction with state's attorney Murkle, after they pleaded guilty to a lesser offense of aggravated assault. (Landon Williams and Rory Hithe are still fighting extradition in Denver, Colorado).

The main witness for the prosecution will be pig agent, George Sams, who has already admitted to torturing and killing Alex Rackley but who will testify that he committed the murder on direct orders from Chairman Bobby. Sams will also add that Ericka had full knowledge of all that took place.

New Haven, Connecticut, the scene of the railroad of Chairman Bobby and Ericka probably has the most racist jury system in the world. There are twenty seven towns in New Haven County that are responsible for the choice of candidates from which the jury will be chosen. The jury committees (one from each

-- [9] --
town) use a process of "random sampling" to employ its members. The selection discriminates against Black people, workers, and women. Almost all of the committees automatically exclude teachers, nurses, doctors, lawyers and women who have minor children. Also, the average juror has been living in the same place for at least a year. Two requirements of all the committees is that the juror be a registered voter and never have been prosecuted for or convicted of a "criminal offense". In view of all these factors surrounding the jury selection, pigs picked an ideal place to railroad Bobby and Ericka, two revolutionaries.

On October 6th a pre-trial motion was filed to dismiss the charges on the grounds that the pre-trial publicity has been prejudicial to the defense case. Several of the establishment news media were subpoenaed to testify and they were told to bring articles and texts of broadcasts which related to the Black Panther Party, the trial of Lonnie McLucas, or to Chairman Bobby and Ericka. The circulation figures quoted indicated that at least three of the major media reached the entire county at all times. Police Chief James Ahern was also subpoenaed to testify about the sensational press releases issued by his office on this case. Naturally, the pir denied that any press statements related to this case had gone through his office.

On the same day, a motion was filed that the defense be given access to all witnesses which might possibly aid their case, and about which the state may be aware while they are not. The motion was denied and no further discussion on it will be allowed.

The pre-trial motions are continuing and are just the beginning of the enactment of the pig conspired fate of death in the electric chair for Black Panther Party Chairman, Bobby Seale and New Haven State Chapter deputy-Chairman, Ericka Huggins.

If Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggings are sentenced to the electric chair, the masses of people througthout Babylon and throughout the world will cut off all the electricity and the U.S. imperialists won't see no light for days.

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE

-- 10 --

INTERNATIONAL NEWS: AL FATEH STATEMENT - TOWARDS A DEMOCRATIC STATE IN PALESTINE

To understand what is happening in the Middle East you have to know what the Palestinian liberation movement is really fighting for, not what Israeli propaganda would have us believe -- for example, that the Palestinians want to wipe out the Jews and drive them into the sea. The following is part of a statement by Al Fateh, the largest Palestinian revolutionary group, about what they want the Palestinian state to look like, and especially about the role that Jews will play in that state.

The statement was drafted at the Second World Conference on Palestine, sponsored by a coalition of Palestinian liberation groups. The conference was held in Amman, Jordan Sept. 2-6, as heavy fighting began to break out between the commandos and King Hussein's troops. Representatives of revolutionary groups from around the world, including radical American Jews, attended the conference.

* * * *

THE PALESTINE REVOLUTION AND THE JEWS

It is almost a year since the Palestine Liberation Movement, Fateh declared officially and for the first time, a political program spelling out the ultimate objective of the liberation struggle. The declaration stated: "We are fighting today to create the new Palestine of tomorrow; a progressive, democratic and non-sectarian Palestine in which Christian, Moslem and Jew will worship, work, live peacefully and enjoy equal rights." The statement further added, "Our Palestinian revolution still stretches its welcoming hand to all human beings who want to fight for and live in, a democratic, tolerant Palestine, irrespective of race, color or religion."

The statement was repeated, explained and amplified by Fateh representatives in every inter-national gathering attended by a Fateh delegation. The official spokesman of Fateh Abu Ammar, was quoted by several journalists as saying that "once we defeat the enemy and liberate Palestine we will create a home for all of us."

Abu Iyad, one of the leaders of Fateh, stated in a long inter view with the editor of Al-Taleea that the Palestinian revolution condemns persecution of human beings and discrimination based on any form or shape and that Fateh would help Jews anywhere if they faced persecution at the hands of racists. Abu Iyad said that he would be willing to give these Jews arms and fight with them.

Such a statement was not just a fantastic propaganda claim, it was put into effect a few weeks later when Fateh students protected Jewish professor Eli Loebel in Frankfort, Germany, from molestation and attempted murder at the hands of Zionist German thugs last July. Fateh protected Jewish members of Matzpen (the Israeli Socialist Organization) in Germany after their lives were threatened in the same incident.

* * *

PROFILE OF DEMOCRATIC PALESTINE

Difficulties and Limitations:

It is quite difficult and risky at this early stage of the revolution to make a clear and definitive statement about the new liberated Palestine. Realism rather than romantic daydreaming should be the basic revolutionary approach. We do not believe that victory is around the corner. The revolution does not underestimate the enemy or its imperialist allies. What will happen during the years of hard struggle for liberation cannot be easily predicted.

Will the attitude of Palestinian Jews harden or become more receptive and flexible? A further drift to the right, the stopping up of anti-Arab terrorism -- in the Algerian O.A.S. tradition -- followed by a voluntary mass exodus on the eve of liberation would pose a completely different problem and would be quite regrettable.

On the other hand, joining the revolution and working with it will lay firmer ground for the new Palestine. The revolution is striving hard to achieve the second alternative.

Guerrilla operations are basically directed at the military and economic foundations of the Zionist settler-state. Whenever a civilian target is chosen, every effort is made to avoid the loss of civilian life -- though one would find it hard to distinguish civilians and non-civilians in this modern spartan militaristic society where every adult is mobilized for the war. Hitting quasi-civilian areas aims at the psychological effect of shocking the Israel - into realizing that the racist-militaristic state cannot provide them with security when it is conduction genocide against the exiled and oppressed Palestinian masses.

In the Dizengoff street bomb (Tel Aviv), Fateh guerillas delayed the operation three times to choose a place (in front of a building under construction) and time (12:30 a.m.) to maximize noise but to minimize casualties. The result: few were injured, but thousands were shocked and made to engage in serious rethinking.

In conclusion, despite all uncertainties, there is the hope, the vision and the behavior of the Palestinian revolutionaries, designed to achieve a better future for their oppressed country. Answers must be thought out and found for myriad questions relating to this future. Even if the answers are tentative, they will start a dialogue which provides the road towards maturity and fulfillment.

1. The Country:

Pre-1948 Palestine -- as defined during the British mandate -- is the territory where the democratic, progressive state is to be created. The liberated Palestine will be part of the Arab homeland and will not be another alien state within it. The eventual unity of Palestine with other Arab states will make boundary problems less relevant and will end artificiality of the present status of Israel, and possibly that of Jordan as well.

The new country will be anti-imperialist and will join the ranks of progressive revolutionary countries. Therefore, it will have to cut the present life-links with, and the total dependence on, the United States. Therefore, integration within the area will be the foremost prerequisite.

It should be quite obvious at this stage that the new Palestine discussed here is not the occupied West Bank or the Gaza strip or both. These are areas occupied by the Israelis since June, 1967. The homeland of the Palestinians usurped and colonized in 1948 is no less dear or important than the part occupied in 1967.

Besides, the very existence of the racist oppressor state of Israel, based on the expulsion and forced exile of part of its citizens, is unacceptable to the revolution even in one tiny Palestinian village. Any arrangement accommodating the aggressive settler-state is unacceptable and temporary. Only the people of Palestine -- its Jews, Christians and Moslems -- in a country that combines them all is permanent.

2. The Constituents

All the Jews, Moslems and Christians living in Palestine, or forcibly exiled from it will have the right of Palestinian citizenship. This guarantees the right of all exiled Palestinians to return to their land whether they have been born in Palestine or in exile and regardless of their present nationality.

Equally, this means that all Jewish Palestinians -- at the present Israelis -- have the same right, provided, of course, that they reject Zionist racist chauvinism and fully agree to live in the new Palestine as Palestinians. The revolution therefore rejects the supposition that only Jews who lived in Palestine prior to 1948 or prior to 1914 and their descendants are acceptable. After all, (Moshel) Dayan (minister of defense) and Ylgal) Allon (deputy minister) were born in Palestine before 1948 and they -- with many of their colleagues -- are diehard racist Zionists who obviously do not qualify for a Palestinian status; whereas newcomers may be anti-Zionists and work ardently for the creation of a new Palestine.

In the interview referred to earlier (published in Al-Taleea, June 1969) Abu Iyad, one of the officials of Fateh, reasserted that not only progressive Jews but even present Zionists willing to abandon their racist ideology will be welcome as Palestinian citizens. It is the belief of the revolution that the majority of Israeli Jews will change their attitudes and will subscribe to me new Palestine, especially after the oligarchic state machinery, economy and military establishment are destroyed.

3. The Ideology

The Palestinians in the process of and at the time of liberation will decide on the system of government and on the political-economic-social organization of their liberated country.

(It should be repeated at this juncture that the term Palestinians includes those in exile and under occupation and Jewish settlers.)

A democratic and progressive Palestine, however, rejects by elimination a theocratic, a feudalist, an aristocratic, an authoritarian, or a racist-chauvinist form of government. It will be a country that does not allow oppression or exploitation of any group of people

-- 11 --
by any other group or individual; a state that provides equal opportunities for its people in work, worship, education, political decision-making, and cultural and artistic expression.

This is no utopian dream, for the very process of achieving the new Palestine inherently produces the requisite climate for its future system of government -- i.e., a people's war of liberation brings out new values and attitudes that serve as guarantees for democracy after liberation.

Witness changing attitudes to ward collective work in refugee camps in Jordan and Lebanon. Palestinians and other sisters and brothers joining them volunteer work and livelihoods. They are not exploited or enslaved labor. The values of human life change. Unlike Israeli napalm raids and indiscriminate killing, Palestinian guerrillas kill sparingly and selectively.

New forms of human relations emerge. No master-slave relation can be attained among fighters for the international dimensions of their problems and discovery of who backs the oppressor and who supports the oppressed creates new responsibilities to the international community, especially to the supporters of liberation and democracy.

Therefore, Palestinians after liberation will not accept subjugation from anybody and will not reintroduce oppression against any group, for this would be a negation of their raison d'etre and an abdication of their revolutionary existence.

This is quite obvious in Palestine refugee camps in Jordan and Lebanon. After twenty-two years of oppression, humiliation and manipulation, by secret police and local exploiters, the camps have awakened to the revolution. In the process, the exiles have broken their bonds, have thrown out the secret police and its spies and allied exploiters and have instituted democratic self-management.

Medical, educational and social services are being provided locally through the revolutionary organizations in a self-help fashion that has brought back dignity and self-respect. Crime rates in these camps have drastically gone down to 10 per cent of their prerevolutionary magnitude. Self-discipline has replaced the police. The new militia is providing the link between the revolutionary avant-garde and the mass base. Democratic checks are built in. These Palestinians will not accept oppression and subjugation from anybody and will not enforce it on anybody.

Newsmen and other foreign visitors have discovered that nowhere in the Arab world can they find equally mature and tolerant people vis a vis the Jews than in the camps of Jordan and Lebanon, and especially among the Ashbal; the fighting lion cubs. These young Palestinians (8-16 years) are almost totally free of any anti-Jewish biases. They have a clearer vision of the new democratic Palestine than that held by bourgeois city dwellers. These young people are the liberators of tomorrow. They will complete the destruction of Israeli oppression and the rebuilding of the new Palestine.

If the democratic and progressive new Palestine is utopia, then the Palestinian guerrillas and camp dwellers are starting to Practice it.

TOW MISCONCEPTIONS

Several interpretations of the Democratic Palestine have sprung up in different quarters. These require clarification and some corrections. An attempt will be made presently to discuss two of these that seem to be quite vital.

1. The call for a non-sectarian Palestine should not be confused with a multi-religious, a poly-religious or a bi-national state. The new Palestine is not to be built around three state religions or two nationalities. Rather it will simply provide freedom from religious oppression of any group by another and freedom to practice religion without discrimination. No rigidification of religious lines is desired by the revolution. No hard and fast religious distribution of political offices and important jobs is envisioned.

Abu Ammar reiterated several times that the president of a liberated Palestine could be a Jew, a Moslem or a Christian, not because of his religion but on the basis of his merit as an outstanding Palestinian. Furthermore, religious and ethnic lines clearly cross in Palestine so as to make the term bi-national and the Arab-Jewish dichotomy meaningless, or at best dubious

The majority of Jews in Palestine today are Arab Jews -- euphemistically called Oriental Jews by the Zionists. Therefore, Palestine combines Jewish, Christian and Arab Moslems as well as non-Arabs.

2. The new democratic Palestine is NOT a substitute for liberation, Rather, it is the ultimate objective of liberation. A client state in the west Bank and Gaza, an Avneri-styled de-Zionized or "Pasteurized" Israel or a Semitic Confederation are all categorically rejected by the Revolution. (Uri Avneri is a member of the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, and publisher of the largest circulation weekly magazine in Israel). They are all racist blueprints to delude the Palestinians and other Arabs and continue Israeli hegemony and Palestinian subjugation. They all assume the maintenance of the basic aggression that led to the forced exile of Palestinians and the oppression of the masses. The sine qua non of the new Palestine is the destruction of the political, economic and militarist foundations of the chauvinist-racist settler state.

The maintenance of a technologically advanced military machine through a continuous flow of Western capital and exchange of population has led the expansionist Zionist machinery to perpetuate one aggression after the other. Therefore, liquidation of such a machinery is an irreplaceable condition for the creation of the new Palestine. When the machinery of the Nazi state was liquidated, the German people were liberated together with other nations that were oppressed by Nazi Germany, such as Poland, Hungary, Holland and France. The Germans were not liquidated.

THE TRANSITION, AND AFTER

It is quite logical to expect specific transitional collective accommodations immediately after liberation, and even a few remaining in the normalized permanent state, i.e., some collective or group privileges besides the pure individual privileges. Jews, or non-Jews for that matter, would have the right to practice their religion and develop culturally and linguistically as a group, beside their individual political and cultural participation. It seems quite logical, for example, to have both Arabic and Hebrew as official languages taught in government schools to all Palestinians, Jews or non-Jews.

The right of free movement within the country and outside it would be guaranteed. Palestinians desirous of voluntarily leaving the country would be allowed to do so. Immigration would be restricted in a transitional period for the return of all exiled Palestinians desirous of return. In a normal permanent state, however -- subject to agreed upon regulations and the absorptive capacity of the country -- immigration would be open without discrimination. Freedom of access, visits, extended pilgrimages and tourism would be guaranteed -- subject of course to the normal regulation -- to all Jews, Moslems and Christians of the world who consider Palestine a holy place worthy of pilgrimage and meditation.

-- 11 --

IS THE NEW PALESTINE VIABLE?

Several well-intentioned critics maintain that even if the creation of the democratic Palestine is possible, it will not survive for long. Their basic contention is that the population and cultural balance will heavily favor the Jews in the new Palestine. This -- in their argument -- will lead either to an explosive situation or to the domination of the new Palestine by the Jews and a possible reversion to a neo-Zionist state in disguise.

The argument is serious and looks quite plausible given the present set-up and the European dichotomy of the "Arabs" as a backward group and the "Jews" as a modern one.

As for population, the Jews in Palestine today number 2.5 million compared to 2.6 million Palestinian Arabs (Christian and Moslem in the occupied territories before 1967 and after it, in exile.

Birth rates and net natural growth rates are higher among Arab Palestinians than among the Jews in Palestine.

Immigration, however, has been the major cause of growth in the Jewish ranks. Nevertheless one must consider the fact that 250,000 Jews have permanently left Palestine (emigrated) since 1949 in a period where relative security prevailed. Most of the emigrants were European Jews, whereas most of the new immigrants were Arab Jews who found it very difficult to stay in their countries after the creation and survival of the aggressor settler-state of Israel.

The process of the revolution will inevitably increase the tempo of emigration especially of those beneficiaries of a racist state who will find it very difficult to adapt to an open pluralistic society. Parallel to that development will be the increasing modernization of the Arab countries and toleration of all minorities including the Jewish citizens. Fateh is already engaged in serious negotiations with several Arab countries to allow Jewish emigrants to return, to give them back their property, and to guarantee them full and equal rights.

These factors are expected, on the whole, to maintain relative population balance in Palestine.

The pace of social and educational development is increasing rapidly among the Arab Palestinians as well, it is estimated that the number of university graduates among the Palestinians in exile exceeds 50,000.

Palestinians have successfully played the role of educators, professionals and technicians in several Arab countries, especially those in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Arab Palestinians faced this cultural challenge in pre-1948 Palestine and managed in the relatively short period of thirty years to compete effectively with the Jews in agriculture, industry, education and even in the field of finance and banking. Armed with this spirit of a victorious revolution, hopefully in comradeship with a significant number of Jews, the Arabs of Palestine will become effective and equal partners in the building of the new country.

Integration of Palestine within the Arab region will add to its economic and political viability. The present Arab boycott will obviously be replaced by economic aid and trade, a goal which the setter-state of Israel completely failed to achieve, remaining thus an American word and protege during its entire existence.

CONCLUSION

The democratic, non-sectarian Palestine still lacks full clarity and elaboration, but this is the best that can be done at this stage of the arduous liberation struggle. Through armed struggle the Palestinians have outgrown their bitterness and prejudice in a relatively short time. A few years ago, discussing this proposal would have been considered as a complete sell-out or high treason. Even today. Some Arabs find it difficult to accept the proposed goal and secretly -- or publicly hope that it is nothing more than a tactical propaganda move.

Well it is definitely not so. The Palestinian revolution is determined to fight for the creation of the new democratic and nonsectarian Palestine as the long-term, ultimate goal of liberation Annihilation of the Jews or of the Palestinian exiles and the creation of an exclusive racist or theocratic state in Palestine, be it Jewish, Christian or Moslem, is totally unacceptable, unworkable, and cannot last. The oppressed Palestinian masses will fight and make all needed sacrifices to demolish the oppressive exclusive state.

The Israeli racists are greatly irritated by the idea of a democratic Palestine. It reveals the contradictions of Zionism and bares the moral schizophrenia that besets world jewry since the creation of Israel. Israeli Jewish professor Loebel and French Jewish professor Loebel and French Jewish writer Ania Francos were threatened and molested by Zionists for their sponsorship of a democratic Palestine as the ultimate goal of liberation. The Zionists are stepping up their campaign to discredit the idea especially among the Jews.

Their effort has been in vain. The forces of logic and the effect of years of persecution in exclusive societies at the hands of racists are opening the eyes of Jews and others in the world to the only permanent solution that will bring a lasting peace and justice to our Palestine: building a progressive, open, tolerant country for us all.

(Reprinted from LNS)

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1121A PST NOV 270 LB126 MC275 VIA RCA M WUE8604 MWR13 URNX (BQ)

S PYONGYANG 261 1 2330 KORG ETATPRIORITE

REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 1048 PERALTA ST OAKLAND CALIFORNIA U.S.A.

WE EXTEND OUR WARM CONGRATULATIONS AND MILITANT GREETINGS TO THE REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION AND THE ATTENDANTS OF THIS CONVENTION

THE PROGRESSIVE PEOPLES INCLUDING THE BLACK PEOPLE OF THE DING THE BLACK PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES ARE VIGOROUSLY FIGHTING AGAINST THE RACIALISM AND THE AGGRESSIVE POLICY OF THE US IMPERIALISTS AND FOR FREEDOM AND LIBERATION

THE KOREAN PEOPLE FOLLOW WITH DEEP INTEREST THE EVER-MOUNTING STRUGGLE OF THE PROGRESSIVE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES AND ACTIVELY SUPPORT THEIR JUST STRUGGLE. US IMPERIALISM IS THE COMMON ENEMY OF THE KOREAN PEOPLE AND THE REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES

THE US IMPERIALIST AGGRESSORS HAVE OCCUPIED THE SOUTHERN HALF OF OUR FATHERLAND FOR MORE THAN 25 YEARS AND ARE CARRYING OUT MOST REACTIONARY COLONIAL MILITARY FASCIST TERROR RULE IN SOUTH KOREA. THE OCCUPATION OF SOUTH KOREA BY US IMPERIALISM AND ITS AGGRESSIVE POLICY ARE THE ROOT CAUSE OF ALL MISFORTUNES OF THE KOREAN NATION. THE MAIN OBSTACLE HAMPERING THE UNIFICATION OF OUR COUNTRY AND A CONSTANT SOURCE OF WAR IN KOREA

THE KOREAN PEOPLE WILL SURELY UNIFY OUR COUNTRY BY THE KOREAN PEOPLE THEMSELVES INDEPENDENTLY ON A DEMOCRATIC BASIS WITHOUT ANY INTERFERENCE OF OUTSIDE FORCES

AFTER FORCING US IMPERIALISM TO WITHDRAW FROM SOUTH KOREA WITH THE ACTIVE SUPPORT OF THE PEOPLES OF THE WHOLE WORLD INCLUDING THE REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES

I WISH YOUR CONVENTION GREAT SUCCESS IN ITS WORK TO ABOLISH THE CURSED RACIALISM AND EX PLOITER SYSTEM OF US IMPERIALISM AND ACHIEVE FREEDOM AND LIBERATION

COMMITTEE FOR THE PEACEFUL UNIFICATION OF THE FATHERLAND COLL 1038 25

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PRESS RELEASE: AMERICAN SERVICEMEN'S UNION TO INVESTIGATE DEATH OF PUERTO RICAN MARINE

New York, N.Y. Oct. 27, 1970 On October 20, 1970 the body of Pvt. Antolin Flores, a Puerto Rican Marine, was found hanging in an outside area at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. The Marine Corps sent Flores' parents a telegram in which it is claimed that the hanging was apparently "self inflicted," Antolin had served in Vietnam for eight months before being sent to St. Albans Naval Hospital in New York with a stomach ailment. He was engaged to be married in June. A Marine who knew Antolin said that he had had an argument with several brig guards.

Antolin Flores' parents authorized the American servicemen's Union to conduct a full investigation. A pathologist was contacted by the A.S.U. He discovered that the vital organs had been removed from antolin's head, throat, chest and abdominal regions The doctor also noted that there was a bruise near the right temple and that it was impossible to conduct chemical tests because the body had been embalmed by the Marine Corps. Flores' parents had not given the marine Corps permission to conduct an autosyy or emibalm their son's body. Tom Soto, and A.S.U. organizer who was present at the autopsy also discovered that pieces were missing from antolin's right hand. Antolin Flores' parents believe that their son was murdered. The A.S.U. is conducting an investigation at this time and is calling on the Department of Defense to finance and provide all facilities needed for a full investigation by us as authorized by Antolin Flores parents.

A.S.U.organizer Tom Soto said: "The A.S.U. condems this death as a racist lynching. We say that it is another act in the long history of repression against the Puerto Rican people and all people of color by American lmperialism. Antolin Flores' murder must be avenged."

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THE LUMPEN -- MUSIC AS A TOOL FOR LIBERATION

The Lumpen is a revolutionary singing group, that has taken the ideology of the Black Panther Party and put it into musical form Singing the ideology does not discredit it in any way. The brothers simply throughtheir creativity designed a method of making revolution.

Black people and other oppressed people have always clung dearly to their music, because through their music they were able to express their desires for liberation from oppression. Black people while held in chattel slavery would use songs as a code, "Swing low, sweet Chariot" meant the underground railroad was moving tonight. There were many othersongs that were used to transmit messages to other slaves while the master would remain ignorant to what was happening, as he sat and ate ground glass in his soup.

Music today is tried up in stimulations. the blues makes you sad while rhythm makes you happy and you end up dancing to keep from crying, dancing while pigs are ripping off brothers and sisters in the streets of Babylon, and across the globe, We know music plays an important role in our culture, and we don't mean to stop singing or changing the sound at all. We dig singing and we dig the sound, but the words are what we're changing to fir our situation today.

We like the beat of James Brown we say the Temptations sound great, but if we try to relate what they are saying to our conditions we'd end up in a ball of confusion. If we run around saying "It's my thing and I can do what I want to do," We would never be free or singing "Cloud9" to help the Mafia launch a new era of drugs, ain't no wav.

We know those brothers can't sing what they want to because the music industry is controlled by the Mafioso thugs, all of it.

So now when we hear the Temptations sing "Old Man River," tell them to keep the sound, but to borrow the words from the Lumpen and sing "Old Pig Nixon."

The Lumpen sing not to make profit or stimulate emotions, but to make revolution and stimulate action. We know action is supreme and only through correct revolutionary action can we transform our oppressive state, to a state where freedom is supreme.

The Lumpen are revolutionaries they grew out of the oppressive conditions in Babyoon. They are the lumpen proletariat, the have-nots, like they sing in their songs "Revolution is the only solution."

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! BOBBY MUST BE SET FREE!

Ministry of Information
Black Panther Party
Oakland, California

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STATEMENT FROM ALAMEDA MDM

The action of brother Bobby Evans, Corporal USMC, is a historical one for both the G.I. movement and Black Liberation struggle here in Babylon. It is the first time that a Black man in the military has filed for discharge under the program and platform of the Black Panther Party. It is an open sign of the rapidly growing discontent and hatred among the pigs military forces.

As we come closer to the day of total rebellion, the military will be called upon to take on more of a pig role here in America, just as it is now doing around the world. But with people like Brother Bobby in the Military, we know which way the guns will be pointing.

SEIZE THE TIME!
FREE ALL POLITICAL
PRISONERS!

THE MILITARY MUST BE OURS!

Alameda Movement for a Democratic Military

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REVOLUTIONARY YOUTH DEMAND THEIR BASIC NEEDS

The So. California Chapter of the Black Panther Party serves Free Hot Breakfast to over 1,300 children a week. To sustain the breakfast, we get food donations from the businesses in the community itself. Last week, the El Segundo Dairy Farms donated five gallons (equivalent to $5.00) of milk and said that was all they could afford to give for the year. When the children who attend the breakfast at Stockwell community center heard about the ridiculously inadequate donation from the dairy, they decided to visit the dairy and talk to the manager themselves.

So 35 children went to the dairy and began marching and demanding milk for their breakfast. The children told the manager that they needed at least 12 gallons of milk a day and that he makes at least 100 times the cost of those 12 gallons a day from the Stockwell Community alone. The manager couldn,t deal with the reality of 35 children demanding milk so he asked them to come back a few hours later and talk to the owner. The kids departed with loud cries of "All Power to the People."

When the children returned a few hours later, they were greeted by seven carloads of pigs. This time the breakfast program coordinators told the children to remain in the van, while they went inside. The owner refused to give any more milk or make an additional committment. To avoid subjecting our children to the harassment and brutality of armed dogs the co-ordinators decided it would be best to leave. However, we know that not for too many times will the revolutionary youth stand silently by and let the avaricious businessmen deprive them of their basic needs.

ONLY ON THE BONES OF OUR OPPRESSOR WILL OUR FREEDOM BE FOUNDED.

BLACK PANTHER PARTY
So. California Chapter

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IT IS TIME FOR US TO RETURN TO OUR STAND WITH OUR TRUE BROTHERS AND SISTERS

Sisters and Brothers in Babylon:

For 400 years the Black colony in America has been the victim of racist kidnappings, genocide and slavery. We have suffered in relative silence, but we will suffer no longer. The buying, selling, beatings, and bombings are going to stop, now!

Today we are still subjected to the same subhuman treatment, only the methods have moved to overkill lever. Revolution is the only way to bust the pig's shackels. No longer will we remain the peaceful domesticated flunkies of Nixon's racist, fascist military machine. For too long, we have attempted to work through the oppressor's system's. It is clear that there is no justice in Babylon other than that of an armed people. We will use any means necessary to win back the dignity and freedom which is the birthright of every human being on earth.

Therefore, I am filling for discharge from the United States Marine Corps on point 6 of the platform of the Black Panther Party. My continued participation as a member of the pig occupation forces would constitute an act of treason to my race and humanity. It is my intention that my action will serve as an example to the rest of my brothers and sisters who are still being held in military bondage.

The enemy has been exposed. It is now time for us to return to our stand with our true brothers and sisters.

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE! DEATH TO THE PIGS:

Corporal Bobby Evans, USMC

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A CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL GUARD

(A MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SUPPLEMENT)

FINAL PART 1943
A rebellion broke out in Detroit on Belle Isle, a recreation area. Looting began in the black ghetto, rapidly spread, and was immediately answered by use of lethal force against blacks. White forays into black residential areas by cars were met with sniping. By the time federal troops arrived, 25 blacks and 9 whites were dead. Thousands were arrested and many severely beaten.

1944
General Walsh, President of the NGA, condemned professional military officers as "Brahmins, ""Bourbons" and "Samurai" and charged that they had "undiluted and undisguised hate of us." He also charged there was a conspiracy to destroy "a great citizen force."

1945
National Guard demobilized.

VII. The National Guard Helps Enforce Integration, Racism, and Suppress Campus Dissent 1957-1965
Because of the numerous uses of the National Guard during these years, Military Intelligence will merely list, from official government sources, the occasions on which the Guard was called up, with background information only on the best known incidents.

1965
The attempted arrest of a black man sparked six days of rebellion in the Watts ghetto of Los Angeles which resulted in 34 deaths, over 1000 injuries, and nearly 4000 arrests. Many of those arrested were incarcerated in jail for months without bail, charges, lawyers, or other Constitutional rights. More than 13,400 National Guardsmen were called in to suppress the rebellion. An ACLU report found hundreds of instances of police and Guard brutality.

1967
A racial rebellion erupted in Detroit after a crowd gathered at the scene of a mass arrest of black citizens. Looting began and several fires were set. State police and National Guardsmen were called in. As incidents of looting and fires increased, the Guard was nationalized and paratroopers were mobilized. Numerous instances of what the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders called "lack of fire discipline" accounted for most of the 43 deaths.

1969
The National Guard was sent against Berkeley residents and students to prevent them from using a vacant parking lot as a community park. Large number of Guardsmen proved to be flaky in the line of duty, although one man was killed and many were injured by buckshot and tear gas. Many Guardsmen returned to Berkeley for a solidarity demonstration on July 4.

1970
A black woman in Lima, Ohio, seeing police bear a 17 year old youth, grabbed a police revolver and fired it into the air. Police killed her, claiming the shots were fired at them. The murder touched off two nights of rebellion. A state of emergency and dusk-to-dawn curfew were declared by the mayor just before 550 National Guardsmen, supplementing police from Lima and 12 surrounding counties, were sent in to occupy the black community. On the night of the shooting, some 200 people marched peacefully from the southside black community to the downtown area. Police drove them back with teargas. Afterwards, several policemen were shot and some wounded. The following day representatives of the black community, at a meeting with city officials where the mayor appeared with a revolver clipped to his belt, demanded suspension of two police officers responsible for the original shooting, an investigation of the staying, and removal of all National Guard forces.

24,000 regular soldiers and National Guardsmen were ordered by President Nixon to break a postal strike in New York. Over half were used to scab by sorting and carrying mail. The strike was precipitated by low wages which force four out of five postmen to have a second job, and demands for better working conditions.

After four days of protest against President Nixon's invasion of Cambodia on the Kent State University campus in Ohio. 1500 National Guard troops opened fire without warning, killing four students and wounding many more. News reporters, students and other eye-witnesses strongly asserted that no student was armed and no shots were fired other than those from the Guardsmen, some of whom fired in the air while others took careful aim. 600 of the troops came directly from breaking a Teamster strike in Cleveland and had been without sleep for several days.

Alabama May 1961
Racial disturbance: Anniston. Birmingham. Montgomery

June 1967
Civil disturbance: Prattville

July 1967
Civil disturbance: Birmingham

Arkansas September 1957
School integration: Little Rock

California August 1965
Civil disturbance: Watts

October 1965
Vietnam day Committee: Berkeley and Oakland

November 1965
Vietnam Day Committee: Berkeley and Oakland

December 1965
Civil disturbance: Vallejo

March 1966
Civil disturbance: Richmond

March 1966
Civil disturbance: Los Angeles

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June 1966
Civil disturbance: Los Angeles Civil disturbance: Los Angeles

June-July 1966
Civil disturbance: Los Angeles

September-October 1966
Civil disturbance: San Francisco

October 1966
Civil disturbance: Oakland

October 1966
Civil disturbance: Berkeley

Florida June 1967
Civil disturbance: Tampa

Georgia December 1961
Breach of peace: Albany

Idalio August 1961
Teenage riot: Coeur d'Alene

Illinois August 1965
Civil disturbance: Chicago

July 1966
Civil disturbance: Chicago

September 1966
Civil disturbance: Cicero

April 1967
Tornado (prevent looting): Belvedere

July 1967
Civil disturbance: Cairo

Indiana September 1965
Civil disturbance: Indianapolis

July 1966
Civil disturbance: Gary

July 1967
Civil disturbance: South Bend

Kansas July 1963
Auto-race riot: Garnett

Kentucky April-May 1959
Industrial dispute, Hazard

Maryland June-July 1964
Racial disturbance: Cambridge

July 1967
Civil disturbance: Cambridge

Massachusetts August 1965
Civil right-demonstration: Springfield

Michigan May 1964
Industrial dispute: Hillsdale

August-September 1966
Racial disturbance: Benton Harbor

July 1967
Civil disturbance: Detroit

Minnesota December 1959-January 1960
Industrial dispute: Albert Lea

Mississippi January 1957
Civil disturbance: Benton County

January 1957
Civil disturbance: Prentiss County

August 1957
Civil disturbance: Marion County

August 1957
Civil disturbance: Simpson County

October 1957
Civil disturbance: Parchman

October 1957
Civil disturbance: Prentiss County

March 1958
Civil disturbance: Lamar County

June 1958
Civil disturbance: Prentiss County

June 1958
Civil disturbance: Sharkey County

December 1958
Civil disturbance: Hancock County

February 1959
Civil disturbance: Lauderdale County

March 1959
Civil disturbance: Lauderdale County

March 1959
Civil disturbance: Quitman County

August 1959
Civil disturbance: Parchman

May 1961
Civil disturbance: Meridian

June 1962
Civil disturbance: Harrison County

June 1963
Racial demonstration: Jackson

November 1963
Civil disturbance: Lincoln County

January 1964
Civil disturbance: Jackson

June 1965
Civil disturbance: Columbia

September 1965
Civil disturbance: Natchez

April 1966
Civil disturbance: Claiborne County

June 1966
Civil disturbance: Jackson

Nebraska July 1966
Civil disturbance: Omaha

September 1966
State fair incident

New Hampshire September 1964
Teenage riot: Hampton Beach

June 1965
Motorcycle riot: Weirs

New Jersey July 1967
Civil disturbance: Newark

July 1967
Civil disturbance: Plainfield

New York July 1964
Race riot: Rochester

New Mexico May 1961
Sabotage of microwave station, statewide

June 1967
Civil disturbance: Rio Arriba

North Carolina July 1967
Civil disturbance: Durham

Ohio July 1965
Civil Disturbance: Bussel's Point

July 1965
Teenage riot: Geneva

July 1965
Race riot: Cleveland

September 1966
Race riot: Dayton

June 1967
Civil disturbance: Cincinnati

Oregon September 1962
Labor Day riot: Seaside

September 1963
Labor Day riot: Seaside

September 1964
Labor Day riot: Seaside

September 1965
Labor Day riot: Seaside

Rhode Island July 1960
Jazz festival: Newport

Utah May 1961
Sabotage of microwave towers, known locations, Cedar Mountain Lindover

Washington September 1965
Civil disturbance: Washington Ocean Beach

Wisconsin August 1966
Civil disturbance: Wauwatosa

July 1967
Civil disturbance: Lake Geneva

July-August 1967
Civil disturbance: Milwaukee

Present:
As this Military Intelligence Supplement shows, National Guard troops have been directed throughout their history against Indians, Mexicans, blacks, the poor, working men and women and their families, students, and in general, anyone who sought to better the conditions under which he lived. The National Guard has enforced racism, exploitation, poverty, war, and hunger by means of terror, brutality, scabbing and mayhem. At the same time, the Guardsmen who have been the instrument of this fascistic rule have come from the same families they have oppressed, whose jobs and dignity they have stolen and whose lives they have taken. These Guardsmen have been tricked and lied to. The purpose of understanding your history is to change it. Whatever happens, don't shoot. Just organize.

Two things stand out in the history of the National Guard: (1) The Guard has been used to protect the interests of a tiny minority of the people against the interests of the vast majority at the point of a gun, despite the fact that the vast majority of Guardsmen have the same interests as those they are used against. (2) Guard officials have used any and all means available to maintain the existence of an obsolete, outrageously expensive and unnecessary force so as to maintain their lucrative commissions and prestigious positions. But the vast majority, in the final analysis, really hold the power, as long as they use it.

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October 1966: Black Panther Party: Platform and Program: What We Want What We Believe

1. We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community.

We believe that black people will not be free until we are able to determine our destiny.

2. We want full employment for our people.

We believe that the federal government is responsible and obligated to give every man employment or a guaranteed income. We believe that if the white American businessmen will not give full employment, then the means of production should be taken from the businessmen and placed in the community so that the people of the community can organize and employ all of its people and give a high standard of living.

3. We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black Community.

We believe that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of forty acres and two mules. Forty acres and two mules was promised 100 years ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of black people. We will accept the payment in currency which will be distributed to our many communities. The Germans are now aiding the Jews in Israel for the genocide of the Jewish people. The Germans murdered six million Jews. The American racist has taken part in the slaughter of over fifty million black people; therefore, we feel that this is a modest demand that we make.

4. We want decent housing, fit for shelter of human beings.

We believe that if the white landlords will not give decent housing to our black community, then the housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that our community, with government aid, can build and make decent housing for its people.

5. We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society.

We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowledge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance, to relate to anything else.

6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service.

We believe that Black people should not be forced to fight in the military service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the world who, like black people, are being victimized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary.

7. We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of black people.

We believe we can end police brutality in our black community by organizing black self-defense groups that are dedicated to defending our black community from racist police oppression and brutality. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States gives a right to bear arms. We therefore believe that all black people should arm themselves for self-defense.

8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails.

We believe that all black people should be released from the many jails and prisons because they have not received a fair and impartial trial.

9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their black communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States.

We believe that the courts should follow the United States Constitution so that black people will receive fair trials. The 14th Amendment of the U. S. Constitution gives a man a right to be tried by his peer group. A peer is a person from a similar economic, social, religious, geographical, environmental, historical and racial background. To do this the court will be forced to select a jury from the black community from which the black defendant came. We have been, and are being tried by all-white juries that have no understanding of the "average reasoning man" of the black community.

10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace. And as our major political objective, a United Nations-supervised plebiscite to be held throughout the black colony in which only black colonial subjects will be allowed to participate, for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny.

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But, when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.

-- [16] --