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RACIST ETHNIC GROUPS BATTLE FOR PIG POWER

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Corrupt Power Survival at Stake: RACIST ETHNIC GROUPS BATTLE

Irish and the Anglo-Saxons history shows that the Englishment have been at each other's throats for centuries and centuries; that the Irish and the Italians in New York, the Middle West, and in California had an ongoing ethnic battle that stretched over decades. From the last century until this century they have had these gangland-type battles essentially for political power.

Consider the era of Boss Tweed; the man who controlled Tamany Hall. About 1870, Boss Tween was sentenced to the penitentiary - was put in jail. He dominated the politics of New York and he was an English Protestant. He had Scotch ancestry, but he was inclined toward the British, and inclined toward the English as opposed to the Irish.

In that same year, Honest John Kelly took over Tamany Hall.

A few years ago, though, a man by the name of Carmine Desapio was thrown out of Tamany Hall, because it was said he was a dictator; that he was corrupting the politics there. But Carmine Desapio was an Italian. And there has been quite a bit of social friction, quite a bit of social change that went down enabling Carmine Desapio to corruptly take over Tamany Hall - following Honest John Kelly, the man who ousted Boss Tweed.

At this point, you have to be careful of propaganda apror; that is, we've been taught that John Dillinger, Al Capone, and the likes or Dutch Shultz, were just old-styled hoodlums, gangsters. If you could parallel the rhetoric, you would find that people who are trying to take something away from a class that's above them; that the upper-class trying to defend its possessions will always find rhetoric or find words to put those beneath them down. That is to stigmatize their activity, and to categorize that activity as something illegitimate. Therefore, we must deal with basic ethnic roots; that is, the cause that brought about today's-racist ethnic groups battle for corrupt power survival.

Relevant to what's happening in this country today, when the Irish gained power; since before then they had a lot of conflict with the police, their activities and political drives were parallel to the Black people's vanguard to today - the Black Panthers.

The Irish were an exploited population here, with the Anglo-Saxons being in control of this country.

Anglo-Saxons had the political power, the financial power, and they weren't going to give it up. But Irish people like Machine Gun Kelly (paralled in history to the Black Panther Party) had the same aspirations. The Irish wanted to get part of the product of this country by any means necessary. And they successfully organized the disreputable element in the Irish community, and used organized guns and force to take over complete control of their communities.

Propaganda tells us that they were into all kinds of corrupt things like gambling, bootlegging, and all other vices. It is never said that they were into banking, or the Irish were into industry; you have to go a little beneath the myth before you start getting ethnic insight.

You have to be concerned about the original method of appropriation; such as how does an ethnic group get its start in a county? How did the various ethnic groups as they passed through the melting pot in this country get a bankroll to work with? Who controlled the alcohol that was being produced before the Irish started producing their own?

History will show that the Irish were angry because the Anglo-Saxons wanted to control it; wanting, too, to reap all the benefits and profits. So they started ethnic wars outside of the law. The Anglo-Saxons (incumbent pig structure) was set upon by the power hungery Irish.

Beneath the labels; relating directly to ethnic groups, a bit of satisfaction can be found in being able to refer back to history. And, oddly enough, history shows a development between Al Capone and Mayor Alloto. Being more explicit, a lot of people think the Mofia (or the organized gangland activity the Italians instituted in order to survive as a ethnic group in this country) was so disreputable that it cannot be accepted. But it represents power. It represents a foundation. And it isn't right for the Italian people to try to disassociate themselves from the `freedom fighters' who helped gain some power and some control for all Italians as a whole.

Nevertheless, corruption for progress is a contradiction of fact; which rejects any contribution from gangsters - the so-called gangsters produced by the Italians in this country. The idea is bullshit. Hoodlum-type gangs help only to put pressure on other people who find it necessary to use the very same methods.

When you start looking back into the history, you find that the Italians came to California in large numbers. They got involved in agriculture, particularly in producing grapes for the further production of wine. Then we find the Bank of America springing up in California, with funds - legitimate and illegitimate - going into that bank but coming out all legitimate. This is not to knock it, but to describe the whole scene.

It becomes bullshit when they talk about how legitimate, or when the Bank of America talks about itself; The Bank of America is and has always been one of the chief connections that the Mafia in this country. A. P. Giannili wasn't no saint; unless he was one of the traditional saints the Catholic Chruch possessed.

It's also interesting to note how religious lines coincide with the political and the ethnic lines. About three weeks ago, S.F. Pig Mayor Alioto had Chief Hog Cahill on his way out of office (remember when an Irish policeman in San Francisco shot Black brother, George Baskett?) Alioto left town. He went to Washington to confer with the leaders of the Democratic Party, or so he said. This brought about a situation in San Francisco where members of the Board of Supervisors, in the absence of the Mayor, rotate and fence over as acting mayor.

It so happened, however, it was Terry Francois' turn to be acting mayor. Terry Francois, you may think is French, is black - a bootlicker with a French name. And while Alioto was out of town, Terry Francois made the statement that Chief Cahill should resign because of

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all these things that were wrong with the pigs in the city's police department.

When Mayor Alioto came back to San Francisco, a delegation met him at the airport and told him about Terry Francois' remarks. Pig Alioto was asked what he thought about Francois' charges. But instead of the Mayor saying, "well, the police were out of order," press sencements came out: "Chief Cahill is the finest police chief in the country. We're going to keep him here by any means necessary". Then Alioto said, "Well, yess, there's a lot of things wrong with the police department, and some of those things have to be straightened out". He didn't support Cahill completely.

But then, you noticed there was a man by the name of Andriotti. Lieutenant Andriotti. Alioto was now pushing him to become Chief of Police. At the same time, however, some things started happening aroung the Bay Area that created a little bit of fear. Bombs. People started popping bombs (maybe that was the Mafia) but they started popping bombs. This is when Alioto ran to Chief Cahill; embracing him and stating that he had solidarity with Cahill. Cahill was given a blank Alioto check to go out and suppress whoever that was bombing.

Although beneath that public facade, there's a whole history of a struggle for ethnic group control of the guns in urban centers.

The Irish had managed to get quite a bit of control over a certain element of the economic system. One of these elements receiving a lot of publicity was a lot of boot-legging that went on in their own community. And they intended to control it by whatever means it took.

There was a great conflict between the Irish and the Italians which ended up with people gaining reputations for driving through the streets of Chicago with machine guns. It related very directly to guns, and actually achieving control of the sections of the corrupt industry they were aiming at.

Now if you take a developing agriculture on the West Coast, and some of the places around Kansas City; then take the development of some organized machinery is places like New York and Chicago with large sums of money flowing in, some of the things that we picture in our mids as legitimate quickly get stripped away. You have a situation here where people were taking things. Only the ones who had it taken away from them were the ones who were citing morality, and who were stating that it was out of order. They were making laws against it.

When the Italians started gaining vast control of the production of alcohol, they passed a law to outlaw it. They called it Prohibition. A lot of people lobbled and pushed for the new law in order to keep the Italians from having control of it. But bootlegging didn't do anything but go underground.

You may think this is not relevant to your own life, but we're talking about `the melting pot'. We're talking about what went into the melting pot and what came out of it: about Al Capone being melted into Mayor Alioto and about Machine Gun Kelly being melted into Cheif Cahill.

It's no accident that when you look across this country, you find that the Chief of police in this country is Irish. But saying that when you have Leary in New York, Reading in Los Angles, Cahill in San Francisco, with Mayor Daley of Chicago thrown in - that's enough. These are the people who have control of the guns, the people who have control of the police functions, and the actual power that's involved in a social situation.

When you see Alioto moving against Cahill; having Cahill very upright, where it looked like he was going to resign. Suddenly you see Chief Cahill being selected as the head man - the president or the chief of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. Here is where you have to wonder about the politics behind the scenes, and mostly because the International Association of Chiefs of Police is controlled by the Irish. It's the Irish Mafia.

Although, the Association has some other people in there who are not Irish, but are Italian chiefs of police. Italians have gained some control of the police departments in various places. So in order to counter what Alioto was doing, in San Francisco, this political organization elected Chief Cahill, and this was a way of backing

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him up and bolstering his Irish power. Because if you can see that Alioto is Mafioso; remembering, too, the changes he went through concerning `gun control'. Alioto told the people to take their guns down to the churches (where they have a lot of Italian priests) and to Fire Stations (where they have a lot of Italian firemen). But Alioto didn't say a hell of a lot about taking guns to the police department - where they have all those Irishmen. He did say later that he was sending all guns that were turned in to Italy, to be melted down, so that a sculptor could turn them into a statue - a monument to disarmament.

Now you have to wonder whether or not that's what really happened to those guns. It could be said that he was arming the Italian nation, and also was arming the Mafia, here, in Babylon. Alioto went through too many changes about those guns to believe otherwise.

When you recognize in history how the ethnic groups have moved out of the melting pot into the power structure - into some power - you find that these were the Anglo-Saxons, the Irish, the Italians, put the Jews along side (because Jews have their business on all levels - from Justice Goldberg, down to Yippie Jerry Rubin) - and Black people placed at the lowest level.

When the Irish were moving against the Anglo-Saxons, they made something like a coalition with the Italians and used the Italians as a lever against the Anglo-Saxons. The Irish threatened to unleash the Italians (the Italians had been stigmatized - Sacco and Vanzetti) all kinds of Italians had crimes and conspiracies all blamed on them. But once upon a time these things had been blamed on the Irish; that is, until the Irish gained control of police forces and also zipped into other sectors of the economy. Then they had enough power to do as the Italians recently did when they went down and forced a television station to take the laughed-about, Italian family hour. `The Untouchables' off TV. Remember `The Untouchables?' It is true that the gangsters tend to be characterized as Italians, and all seemed to be known as Big Tony or Big Al. It was TV's subconscious attempt to stigmatize hoodlums as Italians and/or to stigmatize the Italians as gansters.

But in direct contrast, all of the cops (Elliot Ness was `the man' on The Untouchables) were Anglo-Saxon and Irish. Once in a while, though there'd be an Italian that they would bring into the police force. Still the big wheels in the police force in those TV mythologies were not Italian.

There is no doubt that people are being programmed to resist or to disapprove of a certain image that is constructive. And this is constructive precisely to combat a drive for power. Primarily, though, for political power.

The Irish were very shrewd in doing that. They were told of the Italians locked up with political power. The Irish would threaten to become united to that power when the Anglo-Saxons were blocking something that they wanted. But the Italians continued their struggle on their own and eleviated themselves into a position where they were able to threaten.

This is actually how Alioto got into power in San Francisco. He made a sham coalition with the black bourgeoisie and the Mexican-American bourgeoisie in the area. There was also a layer of the Chinese community politically involved. Alioto went everywhere possibly because he needed all the help he could get. But he only used it.

Alioto went into the Mayor's office of San Francisco actually quoting Stokely Carmichael and approving of `Black power'. He even said that he endorsed one hundred percent militancy, but he did not endorse violence.

The political nature of what he did was that Alioto made conflicting coalitions. He played the same game on Black people (with Black people against the Irish) that the Irish played against the Anglo-Saxons using Black people as pawns. The talk about coalitions between Black people and Mexican-American people becomes very key in this regard; specifically in relation to the Italians, because the big problem that the Mexican-Americans have in relation to the growing of grapes. Mexican-Americans have a strike going on, but Gorman Agnew, along with Irish Rafferty have come out publicly with pictures taken eating grapes. That was a show of ethnic solidarity.

Many groups and individuals will say that the information contained in this article is anti-white, anti-semitic, anti-Irish, anti-Italian, and anti-Anglo-Saxon. But that is just a synonym for what has been said before; this time in detail. And, again. It's not true. Black people are aware that the Italians, the Irish, the Jews and the Anglo-Saxons, and a lot of other white people (the groups that must be dealt with) have functioned in history very much in an anti-black manner.

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Black people have no interest in obscuring that just to avoid being called a lot of derogatory names. It is clear that there would only be a repeat of what the Irish called the Italians or what the Anglo-Saxons called the Irish. Ethnic groups always put someone down for criticizing them. But when we have Irish Catholics and Italian Catholics controlling the city administration in many cities; while in these same cities you have large numbers of Black people cooped up there, no concern can be shown about one pig Mayor Alioto's feelings. The same position must be taken about Chief Cahill's feelings.

The only thing to be concerned about is unlocking the scret of their power. Concerned must focus on how they got into power, what condition these ethnic groups were when they came to this country, and so forth.

A book that is suggested for an in-depth analysis of ethnic groups is "Beyond the Melting Pot". This is a book that runs down the history of ethnic groups; passing them through the melting pot, and touching on what they were melted into.

But the book doesn't exist that we really need - a book that would separate complete falsehood, complete fabrication along with complete invention, and that will bring the disreputable element back into each ethnic group. It must be realized that it's that disreputable element that supplies the pressure, that supplies the chaos, that supplies the friction. These same elements forces those who want law and order to make concessions so that they can continue the functioning of their machine.

What must be remembered is Casa Nostra was raided. Could it be that the raid had anything to do with Irish and Italian politics on the East Coast? Kennedy, the man who had all these indictments in his hands against all these powerful people, had leverage for some political maneuvering, some political negotiations. And it's no wonder that a Kennedy (who happen to be Irish Catholic) was the first Catholic Preisent in this country.

Is Mayor Alioto the first Italian mayor of San Francisco? The last one was Shelley, who was Irish, and he appointed Cahill, who was Irish, to be chief of police. We must call this 'ethnic coincidence'. It has to be called that or be called ethnic conspiracy.

The matterat hand is the root of racism. And the definitions people have to use to talk about racism are no good; these definitions have been to obscure the realities that we have to deal with.

What we're doing now is going back to the melting pot to see what the hell was going on there - to see just what happened. That's a lot of fiction about how people passed through the melting pot and came out red, white and blue. That didn't happen as such. People came out speaking a common language, with some very uncommon interests, but very uncommon interests.

Now these parallels; consider the history of Europe; where you have the English, the Irish, and the fact that the English have colonized Ireland. The Irish have been fighting a liberation struggle against the English for many days, many days. Then there is the historical rivalry between the French, the English, the Germans and the Italians - all the nations that were in conflict with each other so irreconcilable they went to war. These nations killed each other, invaded each other, and then the same people came over here.

When they came over to the America, they were no longer the Italian nation the English nation, or the French nation, but were transposed into ethnic groups. The term that they used here was the ethnic group, they didn't speak about the Italian nation or of it carrying on a traditional conflict with the German nation. They didn't talk about the French nation here carrying on a traditional conflict with the English across the Atlantic. They spoke about the enthnic groups.

But this is also where reality becomes lost to us. When they redefine the people who were in this country as ethnic groups; using a ethnic designation as opposed to the national designation, then this is where the trick came into the game. This is where a lot of the reality of the real conflict that was going on became obscured.

Now it is important to carry over an understanding of the traditional conflict between the European nations in Europe and to see all of these nations coming to America and thinking that they left their national conflicts on the Mayflower. Instead, they brought conflicts with them - in their culture, in their language, in their minds, as in their hearts. These are the same conflicts that were transposed into ethnic rivalries as opposed to national rivalries.

The ethnic groups have functioned in this country like little nations; like little nations, but using the terminology of ethnic politics as opposed to international politics. Now it's only synonyms that are being used, with the main dynamics exactly the same, and their basic ways of moving has not changed. They used everything from diplomacy, on one hand, to guns, at the other extreme. And when the diplomacy didn't work, the politics were transposed into another means; namely, violence.

CONTINUED NEXT WEEK

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PROFILE OF THE BIG CROOK, WM KNOWLAND

by Bob Avakian

Anyone who has lived in or near Oakland knows it is a miserable city. Much of the housing is broken down; many streets are not lit; with the exception of the Oakland hills, the schools are overcrowded and run like prisons, and large numbers of people, black, brown, and even white, are forced to live in poverty, without adequate clothing, medical care or food. In fact, the over-all unemployment rate in Oakland is nearly 10%, twice the national average; and for black people it is twice as high again (20%). And everywhere they turn poor people are hemmed in, beaten down and tricked by the ruthless rulers of the city, who themselves live in the luxury of the Oakland Hills, Piedmont. Castro Valley, Orinda, or some other suburb.

Not only are the Oakland police notorious for their gestapo actions -- against black people, Chicanos and even anti-draft and anti-war demonstrators and somethings even striking workers -- but the Alameda County Welfare Department, which is supposed to help people who cannot find work live with some dignity, made Oakland famous four years ago, when the welfare agents conducted midnight "bed raids" of their clients' homes. They actually forced their way into the houses of the very people they were supposed to be serving and demanded to see if they were sleeping alone. Any woman who had dared to entertain a male visitor was not only denied the piddling welfare check she had been receiving, but was actually prosecuted by racist District Attorney J. Francis Coakley, for defrauding the welfare department!

When a school kid in Oakland rebels against the totalitarian school system that attempts to teach him nothing but to stay in his place, fear his oppressors, and learn to say "yes sir" and "no sir" on command, the kid is simply kicked out of school and thrown out on the streets. "Troublemakers" in the Oakland schools are not only frequently beaten up by teachers and other school officials, they are often arrested right on the school grounds and dragged off to jail, where they are often kept for hours before their parents are notified.

Most people already know about these intolerable conditions. But many people, especially those who are the worst victims of these atrocities, are not fully aware of who is responsible for the evil changes they are put through. They see only the welfare agent, the pig cop, the bill collector, the hard-headed teacher, the racist-dog D.A. or some other agent of the power structure: the men who give these agents their orders are far away in tall buildings. And, although it is necessary to struggle against these front-line functionaries of the power structure, it is also necessary to have an understanding of just who the criminal conspirators are who make the political decisions that come down on the people's heads.

For some time, the City of Oakland has been in the grip of William F. Knowland and his family -- publishers of the Oakland TRIBUNE, the only major newspaper in the city. Knowland's father, Joseph, made a fortune in the shipping industry in California after World War I, and increased it during World War II, when Oakland was a major port. It was in these war years that large numbers of southern poor people, black and white, were almost literally picked up by the Federal Government and dumped in northern cities to work in the defense plants and shipyards. They were put up in so-called "temporary" housing, which became permanent after the war ended, when large numbers of people, particularly black people, were thrown out of work by the closing of the shipyards. But Joseph Knowland did not suffer from the end of the war. By this time, he had bullied and bribed his way into full ownership of the TRIBUNE. Before World War II, the Knowland family only owned one-half of the TRIBUNE and several other criminal enterprises. But when the owner of the other half died and her estate was still being settled, Joseph put up $1 million to buy out the rest of the newspaper. And, even though there was a higher offer from a newspaperman in St. Paul, Minnesota, Knowland's friend in the Alameda County Superior Court, Judge John J. Allen, ruled that the estate had to sell to Knowland, for less money. So the Knowlands gained almost a complete monopoly on information in Oakland; and ever since, they have used the TRIBUNE as a PROPAGANDA TOOL for the games they and their cohorts are running on the people.

From the very beginning the Knowlands have built up a ruthlessly reactionary political machine to control Oakland and build a power-base for themselves in both the business and the politics, not only of Oakland, but of California and the entire country. Since the early 1920s, the Knowlands have wheeled, dealed and cut throats to get themselves more power and put the people in further misery. For example, in 1925, they used their influence to get Earl Warren appointed Assistant District Attorney, and then they pressured the District Attorney to step down to make way for Warren. Then in the 1940s, the TRIBUNE went all-out to get Warren elected Governor. And, after he took office, Warren (remember him, the "liberal" Supreme Court Justice?) paid off. When one of the U.S. Senators from California died, Warren quickly appointed William Knowland to fill the vacancy.

As a politician William Knowland has always been the implaccable foe of black people, poor people, working people, and the peoples of the world. As far back as 1937, as a State Assemblyman. Knowland succeeded in temporarily blocking the pardon of Tom Mooney, a union organizer in the early 1900s (back when unions were really opposed to the power structure), who had been framed on charged of bomb-throwing. Later, as a Senator, he not only opposed the liberation of the Chinese people, but actually took up the cause of fascist Chiang-kai-shek, in insisting that the criminal war in Korea should be extended to an attack on the People's Republic of China and the Chinese revolution. He was so hard-headed about his support for Chiang-kai-shek that he was given the nickname William "Formosa" Knowland. At the time of the victory of the Vietnamese people against the French imperialists at Dienbienphu in 1954, Knowland advised mad-man John Foster Dulles, then Secretary of State of the U.S. to intervene with bombing attacks, including atomic bombs if necessary, to crush the Vietnamese resistance to French colonialism and western domination.

On the home from he voted in 1948 for a Senate bill that would have allowed southern states to further segregate their schools and he even opposed do-nothing bodies like the Federal Fair Employment Practices Commission. He supported bills allowing the states to open the relief rolls to public inspection, making the recipients vulnerable to further discrimination. At the same time he backed bills empowering the U.S. government to seize plants when workers went on strike and to use the army to crush strikes. In 1958, he ran for Governor of the State of California, mainly on a platform of flunkying for big business, even to the extent of promising a "right to work law," aimed at preventing union organization. Throughout his political career, which officially ended with his defeat in the Governor's race of 1958, Knowland -- who had risen as high as Senate Majority Leader under the Eisenhower regime, -- was known as one of the key leaders of the most reactionary wing of the Republican Party. In 1964, for example, he was California campaign manager for Barry Goldwater.

And, after he retired from public politics, Knowland continued to rule Oakland with an iron, right-wing grip. He has used the TRIBUNE (which itself has less than 5% black employees) to oppose every struggle for the liberation of black people, students and working people. In 1965, when black people were boycotting the restaurants at Jack London square, because they refused to hire black people for any but the lowest paying, most degrading jobs, Knowland blasted away at the leaders of the boycott, writing in one front-page editorial that anyone who even picketed the restaurants was guilty of "gangsterism". He ranted and raved about the "private enterprise system" and how it was much more sacred than the right of people to work and live decently. And when the final confrontation of that struggle came down, on March 13, 1965, at the "Sea Wolf" restaurant. Knowland himself, along with his benchman in the city government, including much of the Pig Department, went down to the restaurant itself and supervised the defeat of the attempted boycott.

Again, in 1966, when black people boycotted the Oakland high schools and junior high schools, Knowland attacked them as "irresponsible" and when a minor rebellion broke out, after a pig attempted to arrest a black victim of an auto accident, Knowland wrote another front-page editorial blaming the school boycotters for the violence! After the murder of Bobby Hutton, when black people began the boycott of Houswives market. Knowland not only blasted them again with a front-page editorial, but he ran an ad in his paper asking people to break the boycott by going out of their way to shop at the market. And, just this year, when the Board of Regents, led by Knowland's pig-in-arms, Governor Reagan, tried to block Eldridge Cleaver from lecturing on the Berkeley campus, Knowland came out with his most atrocious editorial of all, in which the only description he gave of the Minister of Information was the passage from his book about how he became a rapist. But scurvy-dog Knowland did not include in this quote from SOUL ON ICE, the part of the passage where Eldridge says, "After I returned to prison, I took a long look at myself and, for the first time in my life, admitted that I was wrong, that I had gone astray -- astray not so much from the white man's law as from being human, civilized -- for I could not approve of the act of rape."

By deliberately leaving this part out of his editorial, Knowland was attempting to create the impression that Eldridge, instead of Knowland, was the mad-dog; that he was proud of having raped women and that he would do it again at any time. This was a transparent attempt to play on the worst racist fears and prejudices of white people; it was a scurvy example of irresponsible journalism that even the white racist capitalist press would generally be ashamed of. But it is just common practice for the snake, Knowland.

Knowland does not rule Oakland, and influence much of the politics of California and the country, however, only with his newspaper. He has built up a political machine in Oakland that includes tripled-jowled Assemblyman. Don Mulford, from Piedmont; vicious District Attorney, racist Frank Coakley: Oakland Municipal Court Judge, mad-man Malcolm Champlin and almost all of the Oakland City Government. In the next article, we will explore how this machine runs and we will look into the records and present crimes of some of the cogs of the machine. We will also get into the record of Edgar Kaiser, leader of the rival gangland mob, challenging Knowland's mafia for control of Oakland.

PART II: (Continued Next Week)

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CANNON TRIAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE

SAN FRANCISO -- A compaign against the District Attorney's office here will be the first major political action of a new defense committee being formed by Bay Area radicals.

The campaign was sparked by the jury trial Oct. 31 and Nov. 1 of Terry Cannon and Rick Epstein who had been arrested in the Haight Street action last summer.

Cannon, a staff member of the Movement Newspapers, was one of the leaders in the 1967 Oakland Stop the Draft Week demonstration. (He and six others appear in court Nov. 7 on charges resulting from that five-day action.)

After the Haight Street bust, both Cannon and Epstein were charged with resisting arrest, inciting to riot and obscenity. Cannon had the additional charge of interfering with arrest.

Both activists had been on the scene as observers, Cannon as a reporter for the Movement. Cannon had apparently said something to a cop, who recognized him from previous encounters and busted the two of them.

Clearly the D.A. is trying to avenge the "people of California" one way or another, since the judge isn't interested in pressing all the charges.

The defense committee will encourage both the liberal and radical communities in San Francisco to put pressure on the D.A.'s office before the sentencing on Nov. 22.

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CANADIAN ANTI-U.S. DEMONSTRATIONS

OTTAWA -- Demonstrations against the U.S. pig structure's aggression in Viet Nam were held by the Canadian people in the past few days of Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Calgary and Halifax.

In Vancouver and Winnipeg, the demonstrators burned American National stars and stripes in front of the racist U.S. Consulates.

In Toronto, some 700 demonstrators fought with armed and mounted pigs, who were called out to suppress them. Scores of the demonstrators were unreasonably arrested.

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PANTHER RALLY FOR ELDRIDGE

KEEP

ELDRIDGE>

FREE

As long as Eldridge Cleaver remains free to lead our revolutionary struggle for human freedom and black liberation, he will continue to stand as a shield between the black community and the racist pig power structure as they direct the full blast of racist repression against him. If these foul swine succeed in eliminating Brother Eldridge, our most powerful leader, it will leave the rest of our leadership exposed to the full weight of their onslaught, and they will move to quickly destroy all resistance until these murderous gangsters can completely crush the masses of black people under their boots. Brothers and Sisters, the survival of black people in this racist fascist camp controlled by the world's most depraved gangsters, murderers, thieves and freaks is a race against time. The faster we unite to defend ourselves from aggression and destroy their apparatus of oppression the longer we can survive. Eldridge Cleaver is now in a race with time that has almost run out. But with the united strength of the people of San Francisco who are victimized and exploited by the same agencies that are destroying Eldridge, we can turn the tide against these punks and make them dance to our tune. November 27 is Eldridge's deadline. Let's make it the PIG'S DEADLINE!

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WHAT MUST BLACK WORKERS DO?

by R. Stevenson

Oakland … Locked up in prison with Huey P. Newton is your right to speak … to organize … to a free political choice and to have free political association. If this verdict stands, the gates of prison stand open for you. You, your future, and the future of your family depends on how straight you think, now.

What happened to Huey in the Oakland courts is directly related to you. The people you work for, are the people who are responsible for the harassment, the shooting and beating, and attempt to murder Huey.

That Huey devoted his life to educating and leading his black people was his indictment. That he fought for a better world for all black people condemned him. He was convicted in a court owned and operated by the Big-time gangster Interests of racist Oakland and this decadent country. The crooks who own the railroads, factories, warehouses, stores, trucks, machines, the banks, the mortgages on your homes the furniture in them, and cars are the same men who are responsible for the outright frameup of Huey P. Newton. These same perverted men are the hoodlums you work for.

If they can get away with framing Huey, they will cut your wages, destroy your unions, work you for nothing and jail you on top of it. They are heartless, soulless and have a desire for nothing but more profit. They own and they control. You work when they want you to and whenever you work and whatever kind of work you do, they take more than a hogs share of the profit from your labor. This is a wrong thing. The best way to fight a wrong thing is to fight for the right thing. Huey P. Newton was telling your bosses to stop brutalizing and dehumanizing you. Now you must tell those same bosses to stop doing it to Huey. You must tell them to Free Huey or their profits will be stopped. And you must mean it. Organize … Now!

If is a fact 95% of the Black People in this country have had to scuffle all their lives for a living and are still not able to eke out an existence. Two million Black people are exploited at the point of production. That means they work in basic industries. That means they are a part of the organized labor movement in this country. Auto, rubber, steel and shipping are all basic industries.

But caution won't Free Huey …

It may seem wrong to come down on you Brothers and Sisters who have been working one place so long that you may be afraid to speak out for fear of losing your job. Or you haven't been working one place long enough to speak out. With many of you one of the reasons you have been working is because your Brothers and Sisters in the streets have been jumping up and down. That fact is that they have been helping you get some jobs and keep some good jobs.

Example: Two years ago Black men driving those little brown telephone trucks and climbing telephone poles and installing phones in your homes were few and far between. Were you to ask one of those young Negroes how he got the job, he would have told you "I studied and prepared for it." He could not relate his job to the fact that at some time or other Black People had made the Ghetto so hot that the telephone company, in order to keep up their super-profits hired him. Nor could he relate to the fact that when Huey sat down with Chairman Bobby Seale and Little Bobby Hutton; drafting the Black Panther Party 10-point Program that Huey P. Newton, the Minister of Defense, had proposed for jobs for such Black Brothers.

Point 2. WE WANT FULL EMPLOYMENT FOR OUR PEOPLE.

WE BELIEVE that the federal government is responsible and obligated to give every man employment or a guaranteed income. We believe that if the white American business will not give full employment, then the mans of production should be taken from the business men and placed in the community so that the people of the community can organize and employ all of its people and give a high standard of living.

Huey was not cautious when he was out in the streets every day, fighting the Big Businessmen for jobs for our Black People. You can not be cautious now when you speak out for Brother Huey's Freedom.

If the motion seems harsh then you must ask yourself is it true:

(A) Have you ever stood up in a union meeting and spoke in the defense of Huey?

(B) Have you ever told a white worker in your job that you don't think the evidence in the trial was `beyond a shadow of a doubt' and that you want him to help build a Workers Committee to "Free Huey P. Newton" right on the job?

(C) Have you ever told your fellow office worker that to "Free Huey" an Office Workers Defense Committee must be formed?

(D) Have you ever told the men in your gang, while working on the ships or on the docks that there ought to be a committee of "Longshoremen for Huey?" And where are the "Warehousemen and Teamsters for Huey?"

If you stand up and tell people that according to their law - the racist law they believe in - the facts, and the evidence and that Huey was not tried by a jury of his peers and that you are fighting everyday to "Free Huey" because you do not believe he is guilty, and when you know the case and the facts (forward and backward) can relate to your fellow workers.

Present them boldly … then you will be helping to "Free Huey", and you will be saving yourself, your soul, your manhood. You will be helping to make this dirty, rotten, racist. Capitalist country a better place to live for all Black people.

Build a "WORKERS COMMITTEE TO FREE HUEY." A Black one. A Brown one. A White one. Or one that is all colors. But build a "Free Huey Committee!"

-- 8 --

Panthers - B.S.U. Close S.F. State College

PANTHER

Striking students demanded that Murray be reinstated as English instructor at State. Another major issue of the strike concerned the list of demands produced late last month by the BSU insisting, among other things, that beginning with the fall semester, 1969, all black and Third World students be accepted without having to go through all the changes which traditionally have kept most black and Third World students from entering college.

After a militant sit-in at the school last spring, the administration agreed although reluctantly, to admit 428 black and Third World students this fall. The BSU charged that not only has this agreement has not been met, but the funds which were supposed to have been allotted for the black student program have been cut.

Striking students also stated that because the white director of financial aid is guilty of practicing racism by discrimination against black and Third World students she should be replaced by a black or Third World group director.

Some of the tactics employed by the striking black students did not meet with the approval of some of the white students. This is understandable because the tactics used by the black students were revolutionary! But then, the strike was not initiated for the purpose of enlisting white support, but rather for the purpose of meeting the demands of black and Third World students who receive the brutn of the Injustice doled out at State.

One of the tactics used by black students was the literal "taking-over" of classrooms. Black students would move into classrooms and force the teachers and other students to leave. As one observer said, "The kids don't understand that the black students have no alternative but force."

Although it is likely that the administration may escape responsibility of dealing with the list of demands presented by the black and Third World students, it is very doubtful the issue of George Murray's suspension is one that can be brushed over. It is an issue that the administration can and must deal with. In fact, if he is not reinstated soon, a group of faculty members will also strike. The local establishment, press as expected, misquoted Murray as having said the black students should bring guns to campus November 6. When this issue came up, San Francisco State President Robert Smith who had previously resisted pressure from Chancellor Glen Dumke to fire the Panther, was finally overcome by pressure and gave in to Chancellor Dumke's demand. Striking students see this incident as an obvious political move on Dumke's behalf. It is a known fact what the Black Panther Party thinks of Richard Nixon because of what Nixon is known to be. Well, Dumke is presently being considered for Secretary of Health. Education and Welfare UNDER THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION. And it doesn' even take a college student to see the connections here. The strike is growing steadily and will continue to do so. And despite the fact that not many studets have gotten busted so far, the busts and the suspensions will continue and the militancy increase.

-- 8 --

MAFIA PIGS OF ALIOTO

BY JAY WHITE
(POLITICAL EDITOR)

Shortly after pig Alioto announced the formation of a special mafia assault force within his gestapo, the pigs he selected for this special duty began to `run amuck.' The tactical squad began to attack everyone in sight. The pigs never neglected their primary function, which is to murder and brutalize Black people, they simply expanded that function to include everyone in the city who had an income under $10,000 a year.

in sight. The pigs never neglected their primary function, which is to murder and brutalize Black people, they simply expanded that function to include everyone in the city who had an income under $10,000 a year.

The actions of these brutes in blue, naturally created a universal outcry throughout the Black colony. As the sound of impending insur-reaction increased in the Black community, a large group of well-meaning (but misguided) brothers rushed to make one more appeal to the "people" of the pig power structure. The BLACK PANTHER PARTY recognized the incorrectness of this tactic so we could not participate in the discussions.

However, in the interest of Black Unity, we refused to attack those who did participate. We now see clearly that the only concrete results produced by those meetings with the San Francisco Pig Commission was a promotion for the Gangster Hogs in charge of this so-called elite mafia troops. The pig in charge of the Alioto Italian squad was, to begin with, a sargeant now they've promoted him to the ranks of lieutenant.

Seeing the obvious failure of the policy of appeasement put forth by the self-appointed (sham) leaders of the Black community, we feel that this is the proper time for the Black Panther Party to state its position on the tactical three pig squad.

We relate to the mafia pigs of the tactical squad on levels:

1. We know who they really are!

2. We are against their gangster tactics!

3. We are not afraid of them.

A brief explanation of our position may be in order. It is simply this:

We are against them because we have a clear understanding of their primary hood-fashioned functions. We know that they do not patrol the Black colony for the soul purpose of protecting the white man's property. We also know that they have special Alioto-oinked orders to try to climinate the Black Panther Party. NO statements we make can condemn these punks, sissies, and cowards half so well as their own actions.

The second and perhaps most important part of our position is We are not afraid of Alioto or his mafia-controlled pigs. Now that it has become obvious to the people of the whole world that the strategy of the gangster power structure is to meet the legitimate demands of the oppressed with brutal force, the only means available to the people to counter act this gangster force is to be free from the fear of any force.

To aid some of our vaciliating brothers and sisters in assuming this position the following facts should be made clear. (Italians for Alioto, Irish for Cahill, Jews for the judges, and Anglo-Saxon for racists).

1. The pig department is recruiting all over the country: placing special emphasis on Northern White suburbs and on the southern states, and upon "veterans of the Vietnam War."

2. These Vietnamese are the same ones that have been beaten so decisively by the National Liberation Front of the democratic people of Viet Nam.

3. The N.L.F. (also called Viet Cong by the imperialists which is equivalent to calling a Black Man a Nigger) is made up primarily of 11, 12, 13, year old children and 60, 70, 80 year old adults.

4. If the Vietnamese can bear them, then most assuredly Black people can remove the racist outlaws from the face of the earth.

Given this explanation of the Black Panther Party position, we can only assume that all Black people who will take this same approach to the strategy of the mafia-infested pigs, and our aims will succeed. We, the members of the Black Panther Party, stand firmly on the principle expressed in point No. 7 of the 10 point program of the Black Panther Party namely -- WE DEMAND AN IMMEDIATE END TO PIG BRUTALITY AND MURDER OF BLACK PEOPLE.

That's what's happening, and that goes for Alioto's mafia pigs on the tactical squad too.

-- 9 --

Israel Military Aggression: Mao Condemns U.S.-Israeli Link

Palestine was one of the Arab countries under Ottoman rule (1550-1917) and under the British Mandate (1917-1948). In 1948, Arab resistance to occupation was put down, borders drawn and Israel declared itself a state. Israel IS because Palestine's right to be was canceled.

Agriculturally, the areas was rich. Very old olive orchards (many square miles of them), orange orchards, date palm groves, all long term crops, are standing proof that Zionists took over a well established country.

Over 70 years ago this country, almost entirely Arab owned and Arab governed, was coveted by another people regardless of the state in existance. Zionist conferences have been held regularly since 1897. At the first one, led by Theodore Herzl, Palestine was chosen as the most desirable place for a Jewish state.

The British Mandate written in 1917 was adopted by the League of Nations in 1920. Britain's interest in the Middle East was in keeping with its colonial interests throughout the world. Zionists had stronger interests there, however, and since 1917 many attempts have been made to parcel out Palestine. See maps. The U.N. has passed resolutions and then stood by and watched the Israelis violate one boundary after another, the most outrageous being the initial 1948 war followed by the 1956 campaign and then the June war in 1967.

UNRWA camps are modern concentration camps. There are thirty one in the occupied territories, most products of the 1967 war. The Israelis are still trying to get the U.N. to approve their annexation proposal for the territories overrun in June 1967.

The Israeli Government is an imperialist, expansionist power in Palestine. The government is at fault, not all jews. There are many non-Jews who support what Israel is doing. Pig Johnson is one of them. The term, Israel, is like saying racist United States, and it has the same policy as the U.S. Government has in the Middle East. Palestine is the area now under the rule of the Israeli Government.

-- 9 --

Napalmed Guineans On Cuban TV

HAVANA -- Guerillas wounded in combat and five children mutilated by shrapnel and napalm in Guinea recently appeared on Cuban TV. Their appearance was arranged by OSPAAAL (Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America).

The Guineans have been in Cuba during the past year for medical treatment and education: the children are in primary school in Havana, and the combatants are studying a variety of technical subjects. (There is a great need for technicians to work in the economic and social reconstruction of liberated areas of Guinea).

The guerillas are veterans of numerous attacks on Portuguese garrisons. Armed efforts to rid Guinea of its Portuguese colonizers have been in progress for the last six years. Portugal's attempts to keep Guinea as a colony are assisted by its easy access to U.S. weapons through NATO.

-- 9 --

PALESTINIAN COMMANDOS ATTACK ISRAELI AIRPORT

DAMASCUS (Pan African Press) -- The Palestinian Commandos dealt a heavy blow to the Israeli aggressors by blowing up on October 24, the Lydda Airport -- the biggest in Israel, U.S. imperialism's tool of aggression. The explosion set the airport ablaze for 24 hours and caused a damage estimated at more than one million U.S. dollars, according to press reports here.

The Lydda Airport is only eleven miles from Tel Aviv, the heart of the Israeli-ruled area. Palestinian Commando fighters managed to get into the airport in disguise and planted explosives equipped with timing device in the airport's power compound. The explosives touched off a great fire and gutted the four-storey central terminal building of the airport despite the fact that large numbers of firemen and troops were sent to fight the fire.

The Palestinian Commandos have recently intensified their operations in the Israeli-ruled areas and scored remarkable successes. Apart from the explosion of the Lydda airport, the Commandos launched 24 attacks in the past week in the Beisan Valley, Jerusalem Betanh Tekfa, Abulsus, Oum Sedrah, the Negev Desert and other areas. They wiped out about 250 Israeli occupation troops, demolished sixteen strongpoints including five big camps, destroyed twenty-two military vehicles and a stretch of railway and damaged a factory.

Among these operations, the attacks on October 22 and 24 were most remarkable. In an attack in abulsus on October 22, "Assifa" units under "Al-Fatah" (the Palestine National Liberation Movement) destroyed a major part of an Israeli camp, an ammunition depot, a supply depot and one heavy machinegun and killed a large number of enemy troops. On October 24, "Assifa" units attacked a big Israeli camp in Oum Sedrah, set the whole camp ablaze and killed or wounded a large number of enemy troops including a high-ranking officer. On the same day, another unit of the Palestinian Commandos destroyed an Israeli ambush site, an observation post and a rest centre for servicemen, killing or wounding twenty-five enemy troops.

-- 9 --

OIL STRIKE

BUENOS AIRES (Third World Press) -- 7,800 workers of the state-owned "La Plata" oil refinery, the biggest of its kind in Argentina, are still on strike in definance of intimidation by the reactionary authorities. They have won active support from the oil workers of Comodoro Rivadavia, the most important oil field of Argentina in the south of the country.

The workers of "La Plata" oil refinery went on strike for an indefinite period on September 25 in protest against the lengthening of the working day and other measures to intensify the exploitation of the workers as announced by the management. During the course of the strike, the reactionary authorities suppressed and intimidated the workers by closing down two trade union organizations of the refinery and with large numbers of police, infantrymen, police dogs and police vans. They also sent helicopters to hover low over the refinery. The management dismissed more than 150 workers in an attempt to sabotage the strike. However, the undaunted workers have persisted in their struggle.

The Comodora Rivadavia workers and employees of the Administrative Bureau for National Oil Fields held a 72-hour strike from October 28 to express solidarity with the "La Plata" workers' just struggle and protest against the exploitation and suppression of the workers by the Argentine authorities.

-- 9 --

New Syrian Govt. Formed

DAMASCUS (Pan African Press) -- A new Syrian government was formed recently with Noureddin Atassi, Syrian head of state, as premiere.

The new government consists of the premiere and 22 ministers. Fifteen ministers in the outgoing government have retained their original posts in the new government. They include defense minister Hafez Assad and finance minister Muwafak Shurbagi, Mohammad Ashawl, former minister of the interior, became foreign minister, and Mohammad Rabah Al Taweel, former commander of the people's army, became minister of the interior.

Yousef Zain, former premiere, Ibrahim Makhous, former Vice-premiere and foreign minister, and five other former ministers are not included in the new government.

-- 9 --

Lebanese Villages Shelled

DAMASCUS -- Israeli, U.S. imperialism's tool of aggression, made military provocations against Lebanon by shelling the villages on its border last week according to the Arab-Syrian News Agency.

A Lebanese military spokesman tober 27, Israeli aggressor troops suddenly opened mortar fire at the Lebanese Village of AlMejeediyah, damaging three houses and killing some cattle. The Lebanese armed forces immediately returned the fire.

On the night of October 28, the Israeli aggressor troops launched new provocative attacks on Jibin and Malekiyah Villages on the Lebanese border.

-- 9 --

Farce of Greek Democracy

ATHENS -- In the recent Greek election farce, almost one-third of the eligible voters chose to abstain or cast "no" votes, according to Demokratia. This occurred despite the fact that the election was held in a virtual state of terror, with much pressure on the people to cast their votes in favor of the new constitution.

Of 6,500,000 eligible voters, almost 1,500,000 abstained and nearly 400,000 cast "no" votes. Those refusing to participate in the elections had passports and drivers license confiscated and were subject to three years in prison. And in some areas, a "no" vote was impossible because of the balloting arrangements.

-- 10 --

Torture in Mexico

MEXICO CITY (Third World Press) -- Several leaders of the Mexican student strike have been apprehended and subjected to torture. It is feared that two leaders taken by the government forces on Oct. 2, Raul Alvarez Garin and Luis Cervantes Cabeza de Vaca, may now be dead.

According to a dispatch from Third World Press correspondent Julian Meza, himself a strike participant, both Raul and Luis have been subjected to simulated executions. Reports reaching outside from Military Encampment Number One, where the two were being held, said that twice daily, the prisoners faced a firing squad. They were blindfolded, with their feet tied and their hands bound to a post. Someone shouted "Firel" but the bullets went into the air.

-- 10 --

No Review on Debray's Sentence

LA PAZ, Bolivia -- A French lawyer, Georges-Maurice Piret, is attempting to get the International Court of Justice at The Hague to review Regis Debray's 30 year sentence.

Debray, a French journalist, was arrested and tried in Bolivia last year on charges steming from bts association with the Bolivian guerillas and with Che Guevara, who was leading the guerillas at the time of Debray's capture.

General Aniceto Rios, head of Bolivia's Supreme Court of Millitary Justice, told the court on October 6 that the case is not open to review.

-- 10 --

REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE

TIRANA -- The Albanian paper "Bashkimi" (unity) carries an article by its commentator today, warmly acclaiming the herioc struggle waged by youth and students in all capitalist controlled countries against U.S. imperialism, against exploitation, and against oppression.

A powerful storm of revolutionary struggle is now engulfing many countries in the capitalist world - the call for rebellion-revolt-resistance voiced by thousands upon thousands of students is resounding in the United States, Britain, Italy, Brazil and Japan. The struggle now being waged by the youth and students of these countries has given expression to their bitter hatred for U.S. imperialism, the racist pigstructure, the bloodthirsty enemy of mankind, pr for its policies of plunder and war and for the savage capitalist-imperialist rule by violence.

It is not fortuitous, it says, that a powerful student movement has developed vigorously throughout most of the world. This is an inseparable part of the revolutionary struggle waged by the people of the world to smash the shackles of deep-rooted contradictions between the U.S. pigstructure and all the oppressed peoples. The students struggle has furnished additional proof of further degeneration and decadence of the capitalist system.

In order to get rid of the shackles of rule once and for all, the youth and students of the capitalist countries are now seeking for the only correct road which will lead their struggle to victory. While demanding economic and educational reforms, the students are working for basic political and social change. The youth of many countries are now gradually merging their revolutionary struggle with the workers' movement.

The article says that the sick, racist reactionaries all over the world are mortally afraid of the students' revolutionary struggle because they see in it the mighty waves of people's revolutionary struggle. Both waves of revolutionary struggle will inevitably sweep the enemy of the peoples away from the surface of the globe, the article concludes.

-- 10 --

ARGENTINE LABORERS IN DEEP MISERY

BUENOS AIRES (Pan African Press) -- In Argentina under the rule of Latifundia and the big bourgeoisie, the broad masses of the labouring people are leading a miserable life. Their health condition is appalling, diseases are rampant and death rate is high among children.

In the provinces of Salta and Corrientes which are typical of the poverty of the country, 30 families of Latifundia and big bourgeoisie possess 50 percent of the farming and pastoral land as well as 80 percent of the provinces' total income, while the masses of the labouring people and their families only share the remaining 19 percent of the income. In Corrientes province, 1,580 children died every year on an average, while in Asita province, the death fate of children is as high as 10 percent.

As a result of the extreme poverty and poor housing conditions of the labouring people, about 1.5 million Argentine population are suffering from an endemic disease called the "sickness of Chagas". This disease is prevalent among working people, particularly those in the rural areas. The disease is spread by insects found in huts built with mud and straw. In the agricultural area of Santiago Del Estero Province, 75 percent of the 20-year-old residents are suffering from this disease. In the poverty-stricken northern provinces of Formosa, Santiago Del Estero and Chaco, one out of every three persons is suffering from Goitre, tuberculosis or the "sickness of chagas".

-- 10 --

Blame it on Che and Marcuse

MEXICO CITY -- Mexico's President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz has condemned Ernesto "Che" Guevara and Herbert Marcuse as "philosophers of destruction." He blamed their works for contributing to the conflict in Mexico between striking students and the government.

-- 10 --

SURVEY WORK FOR HATHMAND U-BHAKTAPUR HIGHWAY BEGINS

KATHMANDU (Third World Press) -- Survey work for the construction of the Kathmandu-Bhaktapur highway to be built with Chinese aid was started last week.

A team composed of Chinese highway technicians and Nepalese technicians has been formed to do the surveying.

An agreement on the construction of the highway was signed on September 27, 1968, between the Chinese and Nepalese governments.

-- 10 --

JAMAICAN STUDENT REVOLT

KINGSTON -- Last Month's student revolt at the Jamaica branch of the University of West Indies in suburban Mons and the subsequent rioting which gripped the capital city are held to be symptomatic of the rising discontent of Jamaicans with their leaders and the economic stranglehold in which themselves caught after seven years of independence from British rule.

As a matter of fact, the principal figure in the clash between the government and students -- Dr. Walter Rodney, 26-year-old U of WI alumnus from Guyana who held a lectureship at his alma mater when he was declared "personna non grata" -- believes that Jamaica is moving rapidly toward a point which place it in the same circumstances that Cuba found itself in 1959.

Dr. Rodney sees a revolution definitely in the cards for Jamaica chiefly because of the high rate of unemployment -- currently 21 per cent of the approximately two million inhabitants; the wide disparity between the "haves" and "have nots," the retention of a family-type political and governmental rule; and the power which outside interests and non-Jamaicans wield over the country.

If a central issue could be selected, it would be that of unemployment. Economically, Jamaica depends upon its tourism industry, but that in itself is not sufficient to halt the increasing rising rate of unemployment.

Second in line is the bauxite industry, controlled exclusively by such outside interests as Kaiser, Reynolds Metals and Aluminum Company of America, and Aluminium Company of Canada. Both tourism and bauxite are chiefly controlled by U.S. financing.

-- 10 --

CHINESE PHOTO EXHIBITION

COLOMBO (Third World Press) -- A photo exhibition of the People's Republic of China was opened last week at Kandy, an upcountry city of Ceylon. It was warmly welcomed by the people there.

The workers and peasants who came from the suburban and plantation area around the city expressed high appreciation of the exhibition.

K.W. Gunawardane, Professor of History in the University of Ceylon, addressed the opening ceremony of the exhibition. He highly praised the great achievement in the fields of agriculture, industry and scientific research after the founding of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Chinese Communist Party.

This exhibition was sponsored by the Kandy Branch of the Ceylon-China Friendship Association. Last month, a similar exhibition was held in Ratnapura by the Ceylon-China Friendship Association Branch there.

-- 10 --

Cochinos La Espanola

MADRID -- Armed Pig repression took over on the campus of Madrid University No. 4. Dozens of cops invaded the campus and tore down anti-regime posters, and they prepared to meet any resistance with waterhoses (equipment made in racist U.S.A.) University officials had warned earlier that they would punish students who had burned a picture of Generalissimo Franco and had raided the office of a dean.

-- 10 --

SOUTH AFRICA JAMS RADIO TANZANIA

DAR ES SALAAM -- (NPI) -- South Africa, fearful of a black revolt against its ultra-segregationist regime, has begun intensive jamming of the powerful Radio Tanzania, Africa's "Voice of Hope" to millions of blacks living under white minority rule in Southern Africa.

Radio Tanzania daily beams English and African language programs from Dar to South Africa, South-West Africa, Rhodesia, Mozambique and Angola from its powerful Communist China-built transmitter -- whose signals have been picked up as far away as Australia and South America. The broadcasts seek to mobilize black Africans in the freedom fight, under the joint sponsorship of the Tanzanian government and OAU's African Liberation committee.

-- 11 --

INFORMATION: Eldridge Cleaver: MINISTER OF INFORMATION BLACK PANTHER PARTY

PART II

- Continued from October 26, 1968 Edition

We say that this is not going to work; (putting black people into a bag): that we are, in fact, in the midst of the second reconstruction. And they're trying to move against us again - to thwart this reconstruction as they did the former reconstruction. But this time we have something that we didn't have when the reconstruction went down before. We have organizations that are controlled by black people; and, we are armed!

Now they are able to intimidate black people through the use of terroristic organizations, the Ku Klux Klan, the Knights of the White Camelia, the local police, and other vigilante operations. After they pulled the federal troops out of the south, and destroyed the black reconstruction that was going on, they just swept all the black office holders out, there was no power in the hands of black people, to see to it their leaders were kept in power. But this time we don't have leaders in power; we have lackeys and bootlickers who are supposed to be in power, they're in office, but they don't represent black people, and we also have those who speak for black people but who are ignored by the pigs in the power structure and also by their lackeys in the black community. They are deliberately ignored and glossed over, and tried to make them feel irrelevant or not part of what's happening. But this is something that we're hip to. We're not a part of what's happening with them. And they're not a part of what's happening with us, so that there's two things happening in this country, there's an old culture being connsumed by its own insanity, its own irrelevance, its own decadence. It's being consumed by its own death. It's dying, it's killed, it has killed itself, it has committed suicide, and these rinky-dinks that these pigs are going through are already the death throes of a dying, twitching carcas. So that it doesn't become us to be come overly involved with these twitchings, because we must separate ourselves from the the dead and we must begin to call our own shots and exhibit a life force of our own that is independent of the twitchings of these pigs and their piggish system; that has its own rhythm, that has its own beat, that has its own time, that has its own calendar, that has its own direction, that has its own future, that has its own justification, that has its own reason for being, and doesn't have to explain it to pigs, because the pigs don't want to hear it, they don't understand it, and we don't want to hear what they have to say. So we have to start making a distinction between the people in the pigs by projecting an alternative reality that not only manifests itself in terms of sit-ins, in terms of demonstrations, but also in terms of laying foundations in new directions, showing new ways of doing things, new ways of living together, one that pulls a lot of things together that have been developing during the cultural revolution, both in the black community and the white community.

There is the spirit of communalism that's been developing, that needs to be harnessed, there's a spirit of anti-establishment that need to be harnessed, and there's a spirit of unit and direction and there's also ideological attraction, an idea to be made and put together, that will be the glue that will hold all of us together. And all this has to be done very quickly, it has to be shown this is irrelevant to the pigs' calendar. And a lot of people have to check it out, and check it out maybe wedded to a different way of doing things, but we have said that we are in the middle of a historic change. A new direction has to be out on, new ground has to be broken, and people will have to have the courage to take a new step in order to create new realities. And the step that the pigs are trying to beguile us into following, the steps that lead down to the pit or the pig-pen of their disgrace. And we don't heed their call, we don't follow them. We move in our own direction, and we just laugh at them, and watch them die, watch their system die, and start building places in museums for them, at the same time recognizing that it will be a struggle to the death, a struggle between life and death.

It's a struggle for life itself to prevail over the forces of death and decay, and death has never been able to be invincible over life except when death was able to make life think that it was dead already. And it's the pigs in their games that's dying; it's the pigs, and their exploitation is being defeated in Viet-Nam. It's not the people who are being defeated in Viet-Nam, because the people have never authorized that shit, the people should be just as glad to see the pigs getting kicked out of Viet-Nam as the Vietnamese people are glad. And we should not identify with their defeat, with their disgrace, or with their attempt to save face. It's their face that they're trying to save because their face is ugly, and it's been kicked, and the people have repudiated and rejected them, but the people have smiles on their faces, they have a glow, because freedom is being enlarged upon the face of the planet Earth and we should rejoice in that and let the pigs go down, to their oinking defeat, and it's not part of our life, it has nothing to do with us, except that we should be doing more to hasten that defeat by not allowing the pigs to use us, to front us off, to keep their game going.

And a part of this new reality, a part of the problems that we have to deal with, we must never lose sight of the fact that our Minister of Defense, Huey P. Newton, has been bottled up by the pigs, and taken inside of this vicious prison system. We should understand that Huey has not been taken to Playland, that he has not been released into a Garden of Eden, but he's been taken into the innermost chambers of the pig-pen where vicious, and cruel forms of pressure and mind-murder, soul-murder, are enacted upon people. The pigs, when they have a brother or an inmate, I don't care if he's black or white, when they get him behind those walls, they have a power to fuck with him, do things to him, and to make life uncomfortable for him, because they want vengeance. They want to inflict pain upon those who rebel against their system, and who didn't go along with their program. They want to crush them into accepting their program, into relating to their program, once they're out on parole. They want to destroy your very ability to resist their pressure. They tell you that you have no respect for authority, when in fact you have no respect for their power. They have no authority, because what they're doing to people has not been authorized by the people, and authority can only come from those who authorize, it can only come from the author of a situation, and the people are the authors of this country, there's no other legal foundation for any authority in this country, except that which has been authorized by the people. And when the pigs use subterfuge, and political chicanery to manipulate the people and manipulate power, so that they can force people to do what they want them to do, once the people understand this, they're not bound, they're not duty-bound to continue to go along with this affront to their sovereignty. They're not forced to do this, there's no law that the pigs can oink to the legislature that will force the people to submit to it, or to acknowledge it, or to accept it as legitimate because it went through certain legislative changes.

We say that the oppressors have no rights which the oppressed are bound to respect. And once we find these pigs out, once we see what they're doing, it's up to us to turn away from that, to reject that, to rule the pigs out of order, to declare them unfit for any public trust, and then to move to remove them from positions through which they can undermine the welfare, the pursuit of happiness of the people. And this has been clearly demonstrated in the case of various circles of pigs it's been demonstrated for those who checked the demonstration out, for those who have been dealing with and digging this economic system as a whole, it's been demonstrated that the pigs are out of order economically, they're out of order politically, they're out of order socially. In a detailed analysis, we find that the police department is out of order, we find that these demogogic politicians are out of order and that the avaricious businessmen are out of order so the people are perfectly justified in putting them back in order, into an order that will not be obstructive to the destiny of the people. So that we have to continue talking about this, we have to move on this, and we have to move on this, and we have to, most of all, dissociate ourselves from it, in the eyes of the people here domestically who are confused, we need a clear line of demarcation between the people and the pigs, between the enemy and the people, and also, internationally, so that our allies internationally can distinguish between the people and the pigs in this country and also relate by abstraction, our experience, to their own process of distinguishing themselves from their own local pigs. So that I say that a new direction is called for in order to get this done. It's in the air, it's ready, it moves at the speed of light. It takes only a few vanguard steps by those who are moving to consolidate all of this and it has to be consolidated before the pigs in the power structure consolidate their power. And we have to be able to move within the contradictions, withing the system. We have to be able to understand that it's perfectly legitimate strategy on the one hand to call as we did with our Black Panther/Yipple statement to call for a boycott of the elections, to call for a manifestation of the feelings and the aims of the people at the polls in various inspired ways. It's legitimate to call for that for those who are not going to vote anyway, those who haven't registered to vote, those who will not be given a ballot, those who cannot express or manifest their political position in any other way. At the same time, it's legitimate to employ a tactic of relating to the campaign of non-establishment candidates.

We seek to make assaults upon the system, boycotting the channels that they have set up for us. There's one form of an assault, and also injecting into their channels forces and candidates that they cannot tolerate is an assault upon their system. So that it's a contradiction that we should be able, that we should be facile enough, to relate to, and not feel morally guilty or pushed out of order because we advocate two different tactics in two different situations. So that we move in terms of our pipe dream with the Yippies on the national political level, in terms of these Establishment candidates and when we have candidates who cannot even begin to relate to a victory at the polls, but in terms of the candidacy of Bobby Seale for the 17th Assembly District in Alameda County, for Huey P. Newton, 7th Congressional District, for Kathleen Cleaver, for the 18th Assembly District in the city of San Francisco, we advocate that the people who are going to vote anyway do not cast a vote for the enemies of the people but cast a vote for the enemies of the power structure. Cast a vote for the revolutionary candidates, the Black Panther Party candidates running on the Peace and Feedom Party ticket. For Chairman Bobby Seale, for Minister of Defense Huey P. Newton, and for our Communications Secretary, Kathleen Cleaver. And by doing this, we will ensure sharp expression and we are in a position to inflict pain. In Kathleen's situation, we can inflict pain upon the parasite class, the black bougecisie within the black colony, because we can in fact bring about the defeat of this boot-licker Willy Brown. And he has ignored the issues, he has refused to speak out for the people at critical moments, he has refused to do anything except dance to the music of Hubert Humphery. So we must ensure that he is not rewarded for this lackeyism, and for this bootlicking, but that he goes down to the ignominious defeat at the polls. And this could be done by mobilizing support behind a Black Panther candidate and splitting the vote away from Willy Brown because the people are mad at Willy Brown and they will reject him at the polls, he'll be trounced by an outright racist pig Republican, and it makes no difference to us, we have gained just as much representation out of these racist pigs as we're getting out of this bootlicking Willy Brown. But he runs his mouth at certain times and gives the appearance of speaking out for black people, but in terms of getting something out of that legislature, or in terms of disrupting that legislature, if he doesn't get what black people want, or in terms of denouncing that legislature, Willy Brown has not come through. So we cannot relate to his theatrics, we cannot relate to his buffoonery when he tries to convince black people that he is their representative. He is a representative of the black middle class, and only the scab of parasites and functionaries for the white power structure withing the black community. He did not represent all of the black middle class, but he has members of the black middle class and of the black masses pretending or believing that he represents them. So we have to disillusion him and show the people that they can inflict pain upon him and get him out of the way, and then the line of demarcation between the people and these racist pigs who will win that seat, who should have that seat will be very clear and we do not want to muddy up the machinery by having representatives from the black colony entering into the political machinery of the white mother country and functioning as though he was just another member of that machinery.

When a member, a representative from the black colony enters into the political machinery of the white mother country, he can only, and he must only enter into that political machinery in order to manifest the contradiction between the conditions, the situation of black people and that political machinery. He can not go there trying to push through wars on poverty and petty wars on welfare in order to save black people. We need a war on the rich pushed through these assemblies, these legislatures, through these congresses and through these courts. Now, we cannot get excited or uptight or mad because Cecil Poole is not confirmed as a judge on the United States court, federal jurisdiction, we have noticed that these black bourgeoislies have been uptight about that, they've been going through all kind of changes

-- 14 --
about that, but we do not relate to a black lawyer getting himself intertwined in the machinery of the mother country and posing as a friend of black people and dispensing mother country justice to members of the colony. Later for the mother country justice, we need Cecil Poole to resign all of his official positions, reject and repudiate the pig system of justice which is injustice for black epople, and return to the black community and help black people to establish their own courts. A court system of their own, if this pig Thurgood Marshall will resign from the court, the Supreme Court of the white mother country, we will make him Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in the black colony for black people, and he can have Cecil Poole and all these other Jackamapes who now sit on the benches of the mother country, faking black people out of positions. If they come back to the black colony, they can function, they can draw up codes of justice for black people that relate and reflect their situation, their conditions of oppression by the laws passed by Babylonians, by court decisions rendered by Babylonians, by pigs issuing out oppressive edicts that are designed to contain and control black people. So that we're going to have to deal with this shit, and make clear lines of demarcation and no more of this deception by scabs of the black middle class, and later for these appointments that these bootlickers are seeking, reject these appointments when they are offered, and accept appointments given by black people and, as Huey P. Newton always says, "You become subservient to the people." We need them to become subservient to black people and to realize that they're only servants of the people and that they must be that, they can only be that, that we will not tolerate them being lackeys for the pigs in the name of black people when we need revolutionaries in every walk of life in every area in order to do what history has laid before us. And we're goint to do it, whether these lackeys like it or not, whether these pigs like it or not, there's a crisis for the pigs in power structure, but there's not a crisis for the people.

People are rejoicing because they are united, they're happy, they're enthusiastic, and they're moving forward, and the pigs are caving in going crazy, and falling, and it's a beautiful day, the world has never looked better, we should be optimistic, we should smile, we should be enthusiastic and never lose sight of the fact that w're going to have to deal with these pigs in an ultimate and on a for-real level, because they're not going to take no for an answer, like every other dead and dying ruling class, they haven't learned aything, and it's just too expensive and painful for them to admit that they're wrong, or for them to admit defeat. But we will make them admit this, we will make them take a step backwards, and we will unite the people, and we will deal with the cultural revolution, we will build a bridge between the revolutionaries in the white community and in the black community through the process of our coalition and we will have a new day in Babylon.

-- 12 --

IN DEFENSE OF SELF DEFENSE

Exclusive … By
HUEY NEWTON

HUEY ON ANARCHISTS AND INDIVIDUALISTS AS RELATED TO
REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE AND THE BLACK LIBERATION MOVEMENT

We should understand there is a different between the rebellion of the anarchists and the black revolution or liberation of the black colony.

This is a class society; it always has been. This reactionary class society places its limitations on individuals, not just in terms of their occupation, but also regarding self expression, being mobile, and being free to really be creative and do anything they want to do.

The class-society prevents this. This is true not only for the mass of the lower or subjugated class. It is also true within the ruling class, the master class. That class also limits the freedom of the individual souls of the people which comprise it.

In the upper class, the individuals always try to free themselves from these limitations -- the artificial limitations placed upon him through external sources: namely, some hierarchy that goes by the name of State or Government Administration.

In America, we have not only a class society, we also have a caste system, and black people are fitted into the lowest caste. They have no mobility for going up the class ladder. They have no privilege to enter into the ruling structure at all.

Within the ruling class they're objecting (resisting?), because the people have found that they're completely subjected to the will of the administration and to the manipulators. This brings about a very strange phenomenon in American. That is, many of the rebelling white students and the anarchists are the offspring of this master class. Surely most of them have a middle class background and some even upper class. They see the limitations imposed upon them and now they're striving, as all men strive, to get freedom of the soul. Freedom of expression, and freedom of movement, without the artificial limitations from antique values.

Blacks and colored people in America, confined within the caste system, are discriminated against against as a whole group of people. It's not a question of individual freedom, as it is for the children of the upper classes. We haven't reached the point of trying to free ourselves individually because we're dominated and oppressed as a group of people.

Part of the people of this country -- which is a great part -- part of the youth themselves. But they're not doing this as a group of people. Because as a group they're already free to an extent. Their problem is not a group problem really, because they can easily integrate into the structure. Potentially they're mobile enough to do this: They're the educated ones, the "future of the country," and so forth. They can easily gain a certain amount of power over the society by integrating into the rulership circle.

But they see that even within the rulership circle there are still antique values that have no respect for individualism. They find themselves subjugated. No matter what class they're in they find themselves subjugated because of the nature of this class society. So their fight is to free the individual's soul.

This brings about another problem. They're being ruled by an alien source that has nothing to do with freedom of individual expression. They want to escape this, to overturn this, but they see no need to form a structure or a real, disciplined vanguard movement. Their reasoning is that by setting up a disciplined organization they feel they'd be replacing the old structure with otehr limitations. They fear they'd be setting themselves up as directing the people, therefore limiting the individual again.

But what they don't understand, or it seems that they don't understand, is as long as the military-industrial complex exists, then the structure of oppression of the individual continue. An individual would be threatened even if he were to achieve his freedom he's seeking. He'll be threatened because there will be an organized lower group there ready to strip him of his individual freedom at any moment.

In Cuba they had a revolution, they had a vanguard group that was a disciplined group, and they realized that the state won't disappear until imperialism is completely wiped out, structurally and also philosophically, or the bourgeouis thoughts won't be changed. Once imperialism is wiped out they can have their communist state and the state or territorial boundaries will disappear.

In this country the anarchists seem to feel that if they just express themselves individually and tend to ignore the limitations imposed on them, without leadership and without discipline they can oppose the very disciplined, organized, reactionary state. This is not true. They will be oppressed as long as imperialism exists. You cannot oppose a system such as this is to oppose it with organization that's even more extremely disciplined and dedicated than the structure you're opposing.

I can understand the anarchists wanting to go directly from state to non-state, but historically it's incorrect. As far as I'm concerned, thinking of the recent French Revolution, the reason the Frendh uprising failed is simply because the anarchists in the country, who by definition had no organization, had no people that were reliable enough as far as the mass of the people were concerned, to replace DeGaulle and his government. Now, the people were skeptical about the Communist Party and the other progressive parties, because they didn't side with the people of medium living. They lagged behind the people, so they lost the respect of the people, and the people looked for guidance from the students and anarchists.

But the anarchists were unable to offer a structural program to replace the DeGaulle government. So the people were forced to turn back to DeGaulle. It wasn't the people's fault; it was Cohn-Bendit's fault and all the other anarchists who felt they could just go from state to non-state.

In this country -- getting back home to North America now -- we can side with the student radicals. We would try to encourage them and persuade them to organize and weld a sharp cutting tool.

In order to do this they would have to be disciplined and they would have at least some philosophical replacement of the system. This is not to say that this itself will free the individual. The individual will not be free until the state does not exist at all, and I think -- I don't want to be redundant -- this cannot be replaced by the anarchists right away.

As far as the blacks are concerned, we are not hung up on attempting to actualize or express our individual souls because we're oppressed not as individuals but as a whole group of people. Our evolution, or our liberation, is based first on freeing our group. Freeing our group to a certain degree. After we gain our liberation, our people will not be free. I can imagine in the future that the blacks will rebel against the organized leadership that the blacks themselves have structured. They will see there will be limitations, limiting their individual selves, and limiting their freedom of expression. But this is only after they become free as a group.

This is what makes our group different from the white anarchist -- besides he views his group as already free. Now he's striving for freedom of his individual self. This is the big difference. We're not fighting for freedom of our individual selves, we're fighting for a group freedom. In the future there will probably be a rebellion where blacks will say. "Well, our leadership is limiting our freedom, because of the rigid discipline. Now that we've gained our freedom, we will strive for our individualistic freedom that has nothing to do with organized group or state." And the group will be disorganized, and it should be.

But at this point we stress discipline, we stress organization, we do not stress psychedelic drugs, and all the other things that have to do with just the individual expansion of the mind. We're trying to gain true liberation of a group of people, and this makes our struggle somewhat different from the whites.

Now, how is it the same. It's the same in the fact that both of us are striving for freedom. They will not be free -- the white anarchists will not be free -- until we are free so that makes our fight their fight really. The imperialists and the bourgeois bureatucratic capitalistic system would not give them individual freedom while they keep a whole group of people based upon race color oppressed as a group. How can they expect to get individual freedom when the imperialists oppress whole nations of people? Until we gain liberation as a group they won't gain any liberation as an individual person. So this makes our fight the same, and we must keep this in perspective, and always see the similarities and the differences in it.

There's a tremendous amount of difference in it, and there's a due amount of similarities between the two cases. Both are striving for freedom, and both are striving for liberation of their people, only one is advanced to a degree higher than the other. The anarchists are advanced a step higher, but only in theory. As far as actuality of conditions, they shouldn't be advanced higher because they should see the necessity of wiping out the imperialistic structure by organized groups just as we must be organized.

-- 13 --

“THE NECESSITY OF A BLACK REVOLUTION”

BY
GEORGE MURRAY

MINISTER OF EDUCATION
BLACK PANTHER PARTY

SPEECH FROM
FRENSO STATE COLLEGE

This is our second venture into San Joaquin Valley. The last time wer were here we were picking cotton in the cotton fields. So this place reminds us of the truth, of the truth about the conditions of black people in the United States. Their condition is one of slavery and the Fresno area just ratifies that slave condition even more. And that fact that black people are 20th Century slaves is just as real as the fact that Lyndon Baines Johnson is a rascist, cracker punk. But we didn't just come here today to call the rascist a name. What we wanted to do was have a king of in-depth conversation about the fascism that is running around the United States at an insane pace, to talk about the fundamental position that college students find themselves in, in 1968, and talk abou the responsibility of students to change the slave conditions that we are in.

Recently we were talking to some people and told them that the American flag is a piece of tollet paper and that they should burn it to a crisp because it's a lie. And we said also that all American Institutions represent a lie. The reason that this is so is because there is no institution in the Untied States, no American (and when you define the word "American" you would have to be talking about what's white. Anglo-Saxon, Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish). When you're talking about Americanism, then you're talking about a lier, because America represents slavery; America represents hell; America's the grave. America is the present. And American flags should be flushed down the tollet stool and burned up in sewage, or blown up for several reasons, for a whole lot of reasons. One of the reasons would be the mass extermination of peoples of color by Americans throughout the world. And if you doubt that the American flag is a lie, how in the world is it in 1968 you can have some rascist politicians, three, running around the United States dastardly and criminally saying that the issues confronting all the people in the United States, the main issue, is the issue of crime in the streets, the issue of unsafe streets, the issue of Americans not being able to walk the streets and be safe. And when politicians say that they are not talking about Chicanos; they are not talking about descendants of African slaves: they are not talking about Chinese. They are ejecting even more rascism into the mainstream of American murder because they are merely talking about white people, and only a certain segment of the white population, that is the segment that they can whip up into a fever of mass hysteria. Only the segment that will vote an Insane, a bafoon like Reagan or Wallace or Nixon into office. So you find these people saying that today the issue is crime in the street and law and order, and that they are to stop criminals and rioters and looters destroying the basic fabric of Americanism. And we said that the basic fabric of Americanism is a lie. And America is the Father of liars, the Father of prostitutes, the Father of murderers of mankind. What is our proof? You get a man like Humphrey saying that the issue is crime in the streets. The issue is not crime in the streets. The issue is crime in the White House, homosexually in the White House, and crime in all the downtown City Hall and all the Country Court Houses, and all the jail Houses and all the Penitentiaries. A brother down there mentioned Oakland. Oakland is on the list, but you're not to miss every City Hall in the United States and every State Capitol. And there is no free territory here. You're either a slave in the United States or a free white person. And even the white people that feel that they are free are not free, because everything they do is feed to them through the television and the newspapers to the people right here, and all kinds of lies, tollet paper full of lies, full of the bullshit coming from Reagan's mouth or Rafferty's mouth or Johnson's mouth.

What do we mean when we say that all American instituctions are a lie? We mean that in the name of the United States Hubert Humphrey said that the war in Viet Nam is essential. And what he's telling you is an absurd lie, because the only thing happening in Viet Nam is the total wiping out of a race of people, the total destruction of a segment of mankind that is black, brown, red, or yellow, the same thing that has happened here in the United States ever since the United States was founded.

Every group of people that have been wiped out by the Americans have been people of color. They started with the Africans and got us here and wiped out all the Indians. And the Cavalrymen passed out blankers infested with smallpox and diptheria because they couldn't shoot Indians fast enough. And if you doubt that, you can read a book called AMERICAN CULTURAL PATTERNS by a cat named Charles Wright. He explains how white Americans poisoned Indians when they couldnt' kill them fast enough to take over their property. So everything that we've learned in American history is a lie.

When we start discussing concepts like "Manifest Destiny," you've heard of the famous saying, "Go West Young Man, Go West" and in colonial times they pushed further and further West. And what a white student said in one of the classes they I instructed at San Francisco State, he had the gall, the gumption and nerve to say one day in class that "Manifest Destiny" meant the survival of the fittiest. That was nothing but a preachment of white Supremacy because what he was saying was this: was that the white people who wiped out the Indians did it because they were fit to surviving, because they were the strongest. It did not even have anything to do with strength. It had something to do with genocide and the mass extermination of one race of people by another group of folks. So that all American institutions are a lie.

The Constitution is a lie. And the reason that it is a lie, the reason that the Declaration of Independence is a lie is because the same men who said that all men are born with certain inalienable rights and that among these are the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the same rascist dogs who had plantations full of slaves. Thomas Jefferson had a plantation full of slaves and he's talking about the "Rights of Man."

And then in the American history classes they teach you about the Revolutionary War of 1776. And they teach you that it's patriotic to salute the American flag and say insanities like "with liberty and justice for all" in the same year that Martin Luther King was assassinated, and the bullet that hit him, hit his head so hard that it knocked off both of his shoes and blew out the back of his head and exploded in his brain, you see. The same year that that happened people were still saluting that piece of tollet paper called the American flag. And the same years that 400-500 black people were wiped out in ghettos like Detroit and Newark and Los Angeles, black children and white people in school were taught to salute those murderous stars and stripes, all of the insanities that that stands for.

So we go back to the American Revolution. We're going to compare the rioters and looters of today with the criminals, the rioters and looters in the Boston Tea Party. Everybody remembers that. White folks said that they were tired of taxation without representation. All of US were taught that in elementary school. White people were tired of taxation without representation. And the same thing has happened today. The same thing is happening today. All of the people of the Third World of Africa, Asia and Latin America are tired, slaveously tired, of being taxed without having any representatives in the political arena, wihtout having any representatives in the court houses, without having any representatives in the college presidents' offices, without being college presidents, without being president of this cracker jack country, without being the major of a city, without being in control of the school board, without controlling and determining the destiny of their own community. Taxation without representation.

So all the people of Africa, Asia and Latin America are bursting over with the desire to become free, and are picking up guns to do so. And because they do that, because the Black Panther Party began in the city of Oakland, California and our leader, Huey P. Newton said, "The racist dog police must withdraw from the black community or suffer the armed wrath of the community", because he said that and proved it with guns and force, you see what I mean, he was sent to the penitentiary for 2 to 15 years. And tens and twenties and thirties and hundreds of black people have been murdered, you see, in the western part of the United States by refusing to pick cotton and refusing to say, "Yes Sir" to a slave boss, or like the brother in Washington D.C. two weeks ago who was murdered by a white police because he refused to accept a ticket for jaywalking. So all American institutions is a lie. The brother was about six blocks from the so-called White House when he was shot down like a dog in the street. And Lyndon Baines Johnson, that racist cracker, was in the White House at the same time that the brother was murdered six blocks from there, talking about "The issue in America today is one of crime in the street".

So you get people deceiving college students. deceiving the general populace in the United States with fabrications of lies, sheets and sheets of lies merely to manipulate everybody, to manipulate you to the extent that you'll die for some non-freedom in Viet Nam, that you'll die for some non-freedom throughout Asia, Africa, and Latin America fighting people of color who have never victimized any American persons.

So in the Boston Tea Party white folks said that they were tired of taxation without representation. And they got some guns together. And they got some gasoline, some molltof cocktails. And they painted war paint on their faces. And they went down to the Bay of Massachusetts and they burned up every ship and every factory in the harbor and threw all the tea overboard. They were rioting. They were looting. That was "crime in the street". But nobody here would condemn them for their revolution. And all of you here that are white are enjoying all of the fruits of American democracy. That is, all of you here who are white who are on the side of the power structure. There is no black person who is enjoying the fruits. Even the tom is under intense danger both ways, from the community and from the racists. So that every American institution is a lie.

And what we need here in the United States, what we must have, is an old fashion criminal, black nigger, red Indian, yellow Chinese, pro-white revolution. Because what we stand for in the Black Panther Party is UNCOMPROMISING FACT. We know that the only thing that can change the condition of black people here in the United States, or the peoples of the Third World, anywhere in the world, the only thing that's going to get us what we need and want, we demand that we have the right to determine the destiny of our own community: we demand freedom for all black people, for all black political prisoners, we demand that all black people be exempted from the draft; we demand that all people be tried by a jury of their own peers. And because we demand these things we understand that the only way that we're going to get them, the same way white folks got theirs in 1776, the same way black people in Cuba got theirs in the 1950's…that is with guns and force. We maintain that political power comes throught the barrel of a gun. If you doubt it, ask Lyndon Johnson. He talks about law and order, and he talks about nonviolence, you see. And when the brothers were revolting in Detroit, he had the nerve to say, "You've got to remember one thing. You're only 10% of the population, and if you act up the other 90% is goint to wipe you out." And he was using some tricknology, telling us another lie.

Because that's not even the way that it's happening in the world. There are more Chinese in the world than there are all the white people in the world put together. There are 800,000,000 Chinese. And that's a fact that all the white folks in this audience have got to deal with. There are more than 800,000,000 Chinese. And then you have to consider all of the more than 600,000,000 Indians. All of the Vietnamese and Koreans and the Japanese, all of the Africans and all of the people that are black, brown, red and yellow in Austrialla, in Latin America, in the islands in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. And when you realize that, there is no such thing as a black minority, or a brown minority, or a yellow minority, or a red minority.

The people of the Third World are in the majority of the population. More than 87% of the population of the world is black, brown, red, or yellow. That's an undeniable fact. And all the white folks who wish to continue White Supremacy are going to get sent to Mars or the Moon or to heaven or to hell or wherever 'cause there is no room on Earth for White Supermacy any longer! But there are some die-hards, that is, they say they are die-hards. But actually you can look at all the people that have been assassinated and you know that it is not hard to die. But anyway, there are some people who feel that they are die-hards. And the proof of that is that is happening in Viet Nam today. The Vietnamese said, we are going to determine the destiny of our own country, of our own community. But Johnson said to black people while the Vietnamese brothers were getting themsleves together, you Negroes in the United States behave yourselves and be non-violent and follow Martin Luther King, and later on in the 20th century we can give you some civil rights. And he promised the sisters and brothers who worked on his plantation in Georgia, he told them that "I'm going to coninue to give you some second-hand clothes as long as you don't ask for the right to vote". And he even sent some television men down to his plantation. And he told the brothers, "Negro, if you say that you are not being treated right on this here plantation, I' gon take your second-hand shoes from you." So the borthers said they was enjoying picking cotton in the hot sun.

So that's how you get the myth of the "happy slave". There is no slave that is

-- [24] --
happy, because once a slave becomes happy, then he is totally dehumanized, he is a monkey, or a dog. And even a dog is displeased when his master mistreats him. So you have that kind of lie. And the Vientnamese war is proof of the racism that goes on in the United States. That is, all of the people in Viet Nam who are being victimized, that are being blown to pieces are persons of color; black, brown, red of yellow people. And in the December 1966 issue of Ramparts Magazine there was an article stating the fact that more than 1,000,000 Vietnamese children had been murdered in the Viet Nam war since 1960, in six years more than a million Vietnamese children. So that means that the Vietnamese population is totally depleted because all of those million children possible could have produced five more million Vietnames people, So yea, the Vietnamese war is a racist war of extermination, the same way the African slave trade was. But check this out; Who was the Secretary of Defense when the Viet Nam was began? Robert McNamara. Not only was Robert McNamara the Secretary of Defense but Robert McNamara was also the President of Ford Motor company.

Now, in Viet Nam you have a mineral called tin, and you have another mineral called tungston, and you have another mineral called magnesium. All them cats who drive racing cars know what mags are on the tires. So McNamara, here he is President of Ford Motor Company and Secretary of Defense of the United States government. You see the relationship between the military and the industrial complex. So the Vietnamese government says, "Now look Mac. You're not going to get anymore of our tin. If Ford Motor Company wants tin to make Mustangs and Cameros out of it, you've got to pay for it. If you come to take it you're going to have to shed your blood. Somebody's going to have to sweep your brains off the ground, cause we not going to let you take it no more. So Robert McNamara got together with another liberal named K e n n e d y and said, "Look a here. We got the niggers in control, but we not controlling these gooks (that's what they call our brothers in Southeast Asia. That's the way the American Marines refer to the Vietnamese people: as "gooks.") So they said, "Look." We got to control these gooks cause we not getting enough tin. And we want to plaster more Ford Motor Co. automobiles on the billboards of the United States and sell more Ford automobiles. And so the next thing we found out was Kennedy sent over what? He sent 400 advisers. The next figure there were 25,000 Marines. Next figure there was 125,000. Next figure 250,000. Next figure 400,000, next figure 500,000 Marines. And none of us know today how many hundreds of thousands of Marines are over in Viet Nam, murdering people of color because the Vietnamese brothers say that they're going to control the destiny of their community. And so you see international imperialism. The usurping of the authority of one group of people by another group of people, the sending of a foreign, mercenary force into poor people's country, and the robbing of the country of its natural resources in the name of a fight against Communism or Socialism or the advance of Chinese civilization or some other bullshit like that. And the same thing happens in Latin America. The same thing happens in Africa, in the Congo. All of you remember a brother Patrice Lumumba, one of the greatest black men to live. Brother Patrice Lumumba said that all of the mineral wealth of the Congo, all of the natural resources of the Congo are for the Congolese. And he said, "Africa for the Africans." And because he said that, white folks got them some toms together, a tom named Kasavubu and another tom named Tshombe. And then Adlal Stevenson, another white liberal and JOhn Kennedy, another white liberal, and Dean Rusk, another white liberal, the Secretary of State. Adlal Stevenson was Ambassador from the United States to the United Nations. And you know who John Kennedy was. OK? So, they got together and said, "Look a here," We've got to control this Negra. He's getting out of hand." So what did they do? They paid off the toms, they said, "Well, look," to Tshombe. "We'll give you a million dollars if you get rid of Lumumba." So what did Tshombe do? He, along with the American C.I.A. and so-called secret agents from France and England and Belgium soldiers and anti-Castro exiles from Cuba, "gustanos" as they are called in Cuba, got together and they kidnapped brother Patrice Lumumba.

After visiting him, Brother Patrice broke out of jail and they kidnapped him from the Congo, Leopolville and wouldn't let him broadcast over the radio to the Congolese people. And they chopped him in the neck with a hatchet, in the head with a hatchet. And then one of the toms delivered it to Kolegra in an airport in Elizabethville. They murdered the brother and then put him in an unmarked grave. And he's one of the greatest leaders that Africa ever had. That's what happens to black people. That's what happens to members of the Third World, when they stand up against the oppression of black people who are black, brown, red and yellow in the world, and who was responsible for the brother's murder? The United States government and all these American institutions that people are applauding and clapping and yelling for. The same crackerjack rascists such as Reagan and Rafferty. Those two sissies, and sissies like Humphrey. All those beautiful, courageous black men were murdered in the name of the continuation of rascism and murder.

All these black men murdered in the name of White Supremacy, in the name of "democracy" and Yankee "freedom" and the "Defense of the world." And all that term means, the term, "free world" all it means is that portions of the world where white folks can exterminate anybody, they want to exterminate or muder anybody they want to muder, or exploit anybody they want to exploit, socially segregate anybody they want to segregate. That's all the "free world" means.

And so, here we are today … in a lie. Here you are on campus … in a lie. If you don't believe it, look at supposedly how graceful the architecture is around here, look at all the trees, all the open atmosphere, the so-called freshness of the air that stinks with rascism. If you take all of this shit out and then you compare all of this with the black community, you won't see anything like this reflected in the community because this is a lie.

This is not the true condition of the people. The people are black, brown, red and yellow and poor white. Those are the human beings in the world. The capitalists are monsters, monsters that have atomic bombs that they say they're going to use in Viet Nam to blow the Vietnamese back into the Stoneage. Why? Because the Vietnamese brothers say that they want to determine the form of government that they have. For that sole reason, for that sole White Supremacy, Curtis Lemay, a general in the United States Armed Forces, went over to Viet Nam. Digit: All of you should be very paranold by now. You know why? The reason is that all of the Right Wing is full of generals. General Edmond Rocker, the cat that said that Kennedy should be assassinated, (did you know that Goldwater was a General? You didn't know that?) And then you get a General like Curtis Lemay, who is in charge of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the armed forces and who developed the Strategic Air Command. And what did he do? He went to Viet Nam and whispered something into the ears of those generals over there. He could have promised them a military coup so that they could go ahead and bomb all of Southeast Asia into the moon and the stars and get a quick so-called military victory. And what you should be doing is taking those people out the world. If you don't take them out the world, if you don't take those generals out the world, they're going to take all of us with …. atomic bombs.

What Americans don't realize, black or white, is that a coup is impossible in the United States. They feel that a takeover of the government is impossible. Already you have the government being run by the National Association of Manufacturers called N.A.M. and the military. So you have that situation and at the same time you have politicians who are nothing but servants of the power structure, that is, the National Association of Manufacturers, people like the three Rockefeller brothers who control something like 25, 30, or 40 countries in the world. Rockefeller, the Governor of New York, Nelson Rockerfeller, David Rockerfeller, the cat who controls, who's President of the Chase-Manhattan Bank, and Winthrop Rockerfeller, the Governor of the State of Arkansas. These three cats, together, control most of Latin America. How in the world can three white men, THREE, control all of Latin America and have military oligarchies at their disposal, whole races of mankind, slaves to three white men. That's the kind of madness we're into. And I don't know how many of you out there will continue to tolerate that madness. But in terms of the Black Panther Party, in terms of the black community, in terms of the descendants of Africans, Asian and Latin Americans throughout the world, WE AIN'T GOING FOR IT NO LONGER! If you doubt it, if you doubt it… We were in Cuba this summer, and talked to brothers from all over Africa, Asia and Latin America … that Cuba is a factory of revolution. That's all the Cuban people know. Cuba is a black country. All the black brothers there know that to destroy the imperialist domains of North America, to destroy capitalism to destroy imperialism, and to equally divide all of the wealth in the world among us inhabitants of the world. That's all they understand, and that's all black people in the United States are beginning to understand. Martin Luther King understood it. And because he understood it so well he called for a guaranteed income for every man in the United States. And because he called for that, his brains were blown out. Because Malcolm X said that the struggle was one of human rights rather than civil rights, his brains were blown out. Because Huey Newton said that all black, brown, red and yellow people in the United States and poor whites would be free and should have the power to determine the destinies of their own communities, because he said that he was put in jail for 2 to 15 years because he acted on the principle. We maintain that political power comes through the barrel of a gun. And if you want campus autonomy, if the students want to run the college, if the cracker administrators don't go for it, then you control it with the gun. Like the racists on the Board of Trustees for the California State Colleges, the same cracker jacks who are meeting here today, they voted that I should not be allowed to teach at San Francisco State, because of some so-called anti-American remarks that I was suppose to have made in Cuba, remarks like this:

Every time an American mercenary is shot, that's one less cat that's goint to be killing us in the United States. That's the truth. That's a fact. Dig this: In Detroit and in Newark (we can not deny it) the 101st airborn division and the 82nd airborn division of the infantry, soldiers from Viet Nam, were sent into the black community. Their ranks had been partially depleted by the victorious fighters to the National Liberation Front. So that when they came into the black community (It's sad to say because a lot of those soldiers were brothers) their ranks had been depleted because they were criminals fighting against another people of color. And the people defended themselves. The Vietnamese defended themselves … " So we said that. That is not a lie: that is the truth. But liars do not dig the truth. They would rather salute and pledge allegiance to toilet tissue and homosexuality than pledge allegiance to the equal distribution of the wealth among all the people of the world.

So that we're saying can be reduced to one simple sentence … very simple, very common, one that can be understood by everybody … WE ARE SLAVES, AND THE ONLY WAY TO BECOME FREE IS TO KILL ALL THE SLAVE MASTERS!!!

-- 15 --

BOBBY SEALE

The Black Panther Party is running candidates -- Huey P. Newton for Congress, 7th Congressional Dist; myself, Bobby Scale. 17th Assembly Dist; and Sister Kathleen Cleaver, 18th Assembly Dist. in San Francisco. Of course we don't have the intricate machiney -- and mainly to build this kind of machinery, we need money. And money wasn't available to do many of the thing