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S.L.A. DEATH HOUSE INFERNO: L.A.P.D. SEARCH AND DESTROY TACTICS EXPOSED

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Editorial: BEWARE THE S.L.A.

By what authority of word or deed do the three individuals who continue to wave the bloody, paper banner of the Symbionese Liberation Army dare call up the memory of our Shining Prince by naming themselves the Malcolm X combat unit of the SLA?

What gives these three children of White, bourgeois America the right to place the name of their police agent "leader," Donald D. DeFreeze, along side the hallowed names of Martin Luther King, Black Panther Party Fallen Comrades Field Marshal George Jackson, Li'l Bobby Hutton, Fred Hampton and Jonathan Jackson? The name of Ho Chi Minh on the lips of William Harris is blasphemy!

If, as one of the trio asserts, DeFreeze "longed to be with his Black sisters and brothers," why wasn't he? We're out here, committed to revolutionary suicide to secure our freedom and the freedom of all oppressed humankind. The list of Fallen Comrades is long. From our Party alone it numbers 27.

Another of the trio challenges those of us who have exposed DeFreeze's police informer past to explain his "reward for his deed: a life term in California's concentration camps." But Donald DeFreeze is not serving a life term. He is dead! That was his "reward," because his police bosses could no longer control his paranoid rage which was his legacy from growing up Black in racist America. Don't you know, Mr. Harris, that you can't trust a nigger? Besides, where were you when your "beloved comrades" were being destroyed?

A careful reading of the three SLA tapes sent to radio station KPFK in Los Angeles reveals them as an impassioned call for reckless, defeatist, last-ditchstand terrorism and insurrection; "off the pig" rhetoric completely devoid of any consciousness-raising program, method or process.

The Black Panther Party has been down that road, helped by agent provocateurs and fools, and was nearly destroyed as a result. The brain trust of the SLA wants to lure Black and other minority oppressed youth down that same road…the road to their extinction.

Beware oppressed Brothers and Sisters. All that can save Nixon now is a national emergency created to put down violent insurrection. The rhetoric of the SLA is provocation and enticement toward that objective.

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Letters to the Editor

Dear Mr. Editor:

A rash of letters to editors has drawn attention to the perennial cold war hysteria whipped up by the military establishment to pressure more money out of Congress under the euphemistic cover of maintaining "national defense." Your readers are entitled to know a few pertinent facts in this regard:

The Soviets have 140 attack bombers to our 518; one attack aircraft carrier to our 15; 2,900 home defense interceptors to our 600; 10,000 home defense surface-to-air missile launchers to our 300, and 5 million home defense ground forces to our 3 million. These figures can be verified from Pentagon sources.

U.S. has a stockpile of atomic bombs equal in destructive power to more than 40 tons of TNT for every man, woman and child in America, enough to reduce this planet and its living freight to a lifeless radioactive cinder in the Cosmic Eye -- and still making more. This power of a thousand suns is in sole command of a President who recently bragged to reporters: "I can go into my office, make a phone call, and within twenty-five minutes seventy million people would be dead."

We submit: the clear and present danger to America and the world comes from within -- not from without. We thought you would like to know…

Peace in the world- Or the world in pieces!

V.V. Roe, editor
"SANITY NOW!"
Box 261 La Puente, Ca. 91747

Dear Brothers and Sisters.

I have something to tell you about what the U.S. Marine Corp is doing in regards to what is going on in Northern Ireland, and this has been going on for the past two years. The U.S. Marine Corps in North Carolina is training British Commandos to kill innocent civilians in Belfast. This is on both the Catholic and Protestant side. This has grown worse because of it, but the real aim is to kill Catholic and IRA soldiers who are fighting to free the Catholics over in Northern Ireland.

This bothers me a lot, since I am a Catholic and I'm also an Irish-American who feels that Britain should keep their nose out of this and the U.S. Marine Corps especially. This is only going to get worse, if the U.S. Marine Corps keeps training British Commandos. Senator Ted Kennedy bitched about this and Senator Strom Thurmond told him to shut up about it last year.

This complaint of mine is another of many I have against the fucking GI military. I'm sending a few dollars 'to help keep you going. Keep up the good work.

(Unsigned)
Give Ireland Back to the Irish!
Free Ireland Forever!

(Reprinted from the G.I. newspaper Grapes of Wrath - May 1)

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Dear Brother,

My name is Faye, I am a Jamaican living in England.

I would like two pen friends a male and a female, they must be involved with the Black cause.

I am eighteen years old and I feel guilty and ashamed of myself because I am not actively involved in trying to help my fellow Black Brothers and Sisters.

I have written a letter to the Brother who distributes THE BLACK PANTHER paper in England with the hope that he will help me. My life seems so pointless and insignificant that I might as well be dead!!

I got your address from THE BLACK PANTHER newspaper. February, 1974. It is the first one that I have ever seen. I have read a lot of Black literature but that is not enough.

I hope that you can help me also.

Yours Truly,
From Faye
With love,
59, Pembroke Road
Muswell Hill
London N10 2HX
England

Congressional Representative Ron Dellums
c/o Black Panther News
8501 East 14th St.
Oakland, California 94621

Dear Sir,

In view of President Nixon's complete total, and blatant disregard for both Congress and the courts in the matter of subpoenaed tapes and other materials I am much worried that this could be showing the possibility of something even worse -- as follows:

Suppose that Nixon either at the time he is about to be found guilty of impeachable offenses by the Senate, or any time before -- suppose he should take it into his head to make some sort of a proclamation appointing himself as dictator, and then start arresting members of Congress, etc. -- what should and would Congress do about it?

I believe and hope that members of Congress should seriously consider such a possibility and think together how they would handle it -- in the interests of the people's rights.

Sincerely,
Paul H. Dubnar
Seattle, Wash.

Dear Editor:

Presently, I'm confined in one of the punitive segregation areas of Marquette Branch Prison -- Red Card. On this status, I am unable to put forth an effective effort regarding three legal actions I have pending in Federal and Circuit courts…

April, 1973, I participated in a protest demonstration against being kidnapped and forced to accept Michigan Intensive Program Center -- behavior modification control. Prior to (as well as during and after) this demonstration I was beaten by so-called specialists and denied my right to due process at disciplinary hearings for bogus charges of misconduct. This is the basis for civil action M74-36A, which seeks redress for violations of Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights.

December, 1973, again I was brutally beaten by prison guards while confined and handcuffed in a cell at Jackson Prison. To cover up the crime of their subordinates, prison officials charged me with the assault. As a result of prison "Kangaroo-Court." I must spend another year in prison.

To add to their flagrant disregard for my Constitutional rights, prison officials illegally transferred me here to Marquette, hundreds of miles away from my family. This is the basis for civil action M74-356A, which seeks redress for violations of my Constitutional rights.

YOUR SUPPORT IS NEEDED!!!

Mark E. Spence, No. 126479
P.O. Box 779
Marquette, Michigan 49855

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COMMENT: BARBEE ON ALL - WHITE JURIES

Wisconsin State Assemblyman Lloyd A. Barbee's sense of urgent social consciousness has often taken written form in biting criticisms of reactionary politicians and ideas. This latest comment by Brother Barbee lashes out at opponents of a recent Milwaukee court decision in which a mistrial was declared because there were no Blacks in the jury panel in the case of an alleged Black shoplifter.

Since Milwaukee County Judge Frederick Kessler declared a mistrial in the case of a Black charged with shoplifting because there were no other Blacks in the jury panel, a number of judicial officials and the major establishment newspapers in Milwaukee have released a series of criticisms against this decision.

What has amazed me from all this discussion is the unwillingness of these White critics to admit the existence of prejudice and discrimination in this large metropolis.

Honest recognition of day-to-day realities demonstrate clearly that Blacks and Whites live in different worlds, and as a result, view things from a different perspective.

From my perspective as a Black attorney and legislator, it is clear that minority litigants have a better understanding of the deeply sown prejudices of White people. At the same time, most White folks have buried their prejudices from surface inspection with their knee-jerk liberalism.

This funeral of emotion, however, can't eradicate the roots of racism which oftentimes resurface into covert acts of discrimination and partiality. It is this ignorance of internal feeling which makes it impossible for an all-White jury panel to fairly and impartially judge Blacks. This fairness is crucial in criminal cases where the liberty and/or livelihood of the defendant is at stake.

One of the harsher critics of Judge Kessler's decision, Circuit Judge Christ Seraphim, called

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the action a "miscarriage of justice." Yet, of all the examples of prejudicial courtroom procedures in the Milwaukee court system, none can be more evident than that practiced in the past by Seraphim…especially in the case some time ago of a Vietnam war veteran who came before his bench for a misdemeanor. Before the judicial decree was given, Serphim exemplified his feelings toward the defendant by ripping some Army medals off the veteran's clothes -- medals which he was awarded while in the service.

In order for a guarantee of fairness to exist in a jury trial of a Black, there must be a minimum of at least three minority members who will sit in judgement. A single Black would not be appropriate, because the remainder of the jury panel tends to exert subtle or not so subtle pressures on one Black member to prove to the rest that he/she is not biased. With two Blacks present on a jury panel, one might neutralize the other. However, if a jury panel is to be formed under the contention that a defendant will be judged by peers, then that jury panel should be proportionate to the population in terms of racial composition. At least, racial tokenism should not be minimal.

If one is to be judged by the person's peers, honest Milwaukeeans must open their eyes and admit that many Whites do not think Blacks are their peers. Honest Blacks surely recognize the fact that most Whites in Milwaukee are racist, nationalistic, chauvinistic and not ashamed about it.

In the war against racism, classism and poverty, even Nixonites recognize that Blacks are disproportionately represented as makers and shakers in America's administration of criminal justice. Judge Kessler's decision marks a beginning to redress these built-in disparities and biases against all oppressed minorities.

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OAKLAND SCHOOL GROUP REJECTS $7.5 MILLION IN FEDERAL AID

(Oakland, Calif.) - In an unprecedented move toward community control of schools, the community-based District Advisory Committee for the Oakland Unified School District voted last week not to accept $7.5 million in federal funds because local administrators ignored "parental involvement" in drawing up their program.

The vote by the Committee, taken on June 6, was two in favor and nineteen opposed to accepting the School Board's program. In addition, the Committee expressed its dissatisfaction with the local administration by adopting a motion calling for an audit of the entire school district's budget.

The basis for the Committee's action lies in the local administration's refusal to follow federal guidelines requiring the involvement of school site parent advisory committees in establishing priorities for the allocation of the $7.5 million. Although the District Advisory Committee has, in the past, simply rubber-stamped the illegal School Board program for fear of losing the much-needed funds, this year they made a dramatic stand. (See THE BLACK PANTHER, July 14, 1973, "School Board Shuts the Door on the Community.")

The School Board, after frantic calls to the District Committee president, Sylvester Grisby, is seeking an extension on the deadline for the program's adoption. The extension is expected to be granted while the administrators and the Committee draw up a new program.

The issue of community control and community involvement has

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been swirling throughout Oakland in the past few weeks as the School Board continues to ignore the just demands of the Ad Hoc Committee for Community Selection of a Superintendent.

The Ad Hoc Committee is a broad-based community organization, which, according to their literature, seeks "to secure truly representative participation in the School Board's search for a new superintendent" -- filling the void left by the assassination of Oakland Superintendent of Schools Dr. Marcus Foster last November.

One of the principle demands around which the Ad Hoc Committee is based is "that the Board guarantee the participation of parents, employee organizations, students and members of the community in the nomination, interviewing and screening of (superintendent) candidates."

CO-CONSULTANTS

In addition, the Ad Hoc Committee specifically proposes "that at least five co-consultants selected by and from the Oakland school community be retained by the School Board to work on an equal basis with Dr. Harry McPherson and Dr. Theodore Reller." Drs. McPherson and Reller are outside advisors hired by the School Board to screen and select superintendent candidates.

The best indication of the School Board's position is summed up in a remark made by the Board's president, Barney Hillburn. When asked by Committee member Rev. Coleman if he had a message for the group, Hillburn replied. "Tell them all to go to hell."

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S.L.A. DEATH HOUSE INFERNO: L.A.P.D. SEARCH AND DESTROY TACTICS EXPOSED

(Los Angeles, Calif.) - Los Angeles Police Department Special Weapons and Tactics Team (SWAT) sharpshooters opened fire on 1466 E. 54th Street, the SLA's death house, long before any police offer was made to surrender, according to information supplied THE BLACK PANTHER by Los Angeles investigator Rusty Rhodes.

Mr. Rhodes was told by Los Angeles radio station KGBS newsman Art Kevin that while news media was decoyed to the house on E. 53rd Street, he, Kevin, roaming through the area saw LAPD snipers open fire at the small yellow house on E. 54th Street, and he heard no police call to surrender.

This charge is confirmed by residents of the immediate area. A young man who gave his name as Alex who was in the house adjacent to the SLA death house told Mr. Rhodes: "The police fired for 30 minutes before they asked for surrender, and by that time most of them were dead."

Asked how he knew SLA members were mortally wounded, he replied; "I heard them go `Ahh, Ahh,' like they had been hit and a woman screamed and then just stopped all of a sudden."

Florence Lishey, who lived across an alley and two doors down from the SLA house swears to Mr. Rhodes that when the firing started suddenly she dropped to the floor and was evacuated minutes later only after police shot the lock off the door of her home and entered to use that house as a firing position.

According to LAPD spokesman Pete Hagan, approximately 1,000 rounds were fired by both sides. However, as proof that the LAPD, SWAT and FBI teams poured many times that number of rounds into the SLA house, Mr. Rhodes points out the following:

1. The LAPD had 18 primary firing positions, each covered by a SWAT member and numerous secondary positions.

2. The LAPD clean-up teams removed most of that departments ammunition boxes and ejected brass from the area.

3. At a secondary firing position Mr. Rhodes himself found over 300 ejected brass casings and empty ammunition boxes, indicating that at least 5,700 rounds total could have been fired by the LAPD.

4. During the news media tour of the area, the LAPD called attention to areas of return fire or SLA fire. However, close examination of most "return fire" bullets revealed them to be of .223 caliber. This caliber bullet was used by police M-16s. SLA return fire was .30 caliber.

A CBS reporter on the scene throughout the assault swears he saw the LAPD carrying incendiary devices moments before flames burst out of the SLA hideout, supporting earlier charges that the roaring inferno was set intentionally by the police to destroy the persons inside.

Mr. Rhodes' investigation proves that the LAPD and FBI personnel on the scene threatened Los Angles Fire Department

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personnel with arrest if they tried to put out the flaming inferno. Eyewitnesses told Mr. Rhodes that they heard LAPD bullhorns telling firemen, "Don't bother coming in here." Mrs. Arlelle Bryan of 1456 E. 54th St. states she heard police shout. "Let the house burn down."

This despite the fact that Fire Department officials confirmed to Mr. Rhodes that "the manual dictates that firemen are in the position of authority with the Fire Marshall being the ultimate authority," in cases of both fire and criminal disorder. In fact, according to KNXT-TV, the Fire Marshall was kept out of the police cordoned off area.

Evidence uncovered by Mr. Rhodes indicates that the police and FBI teams were emotionally and implicitly set up to slaughter the occupants of 1466 E. 54th Street. Three Los Angeles news researchers have learned that the assault detachment was led to believe at the briefing before the assault that the SLA occupants of the house were responsible for police officer Michael Lee Edward's death approximately a week before and for the deaths of two other police officers.

Mr. Rhodes has further learned that Dr. Fredrick Hacker, consultant to the Randolph Hearst family during the events arising out of the kidnap of their daughter Patricia Hearst, asked the FBI for permission to intervene during the confrontation to talk by police bullhorn to the occupants of the house, and the request was flatly refused.

Finally, Mr. Rhodes reports that he has learned that Donald DeFreeze was lured to the Los Angeles area by a Black intelligence officer of the LAPD. How this was accomplished is not reported, but this possibility strengthens earlier charges that Donald DeFreeze had in the past and continued to have avenues of contact with the Los Angeles Police Department.

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FALLEN COMRADE: JOSEPH WADDELL

ASSASSINATED
JUNE 13, 1972

Joseph Waddell, known to his comrades as "Joe Dell," was a member of the Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Chapter of the Black Panther Party. Joe Dell died after collapsing in the yard of North Carolina Central State Prison in Raleigh, where he was incarcerated. Prison authorities pronounced him dead, claiming Joe Dell, an ex-professional boxer in perfect condition, had died at age 21 of a "heart attack" on June 13, 1972.

Prison doctors removed the internal organs from Joe Dell's body to prevent further autopsy examination by his parents. Fellow inmates believe that Joe Dell, a leading organizer and activist at Central Prison, was poisoned by prison guards who had constantly harassed him in the past. Joe Dell was a tireless, hard working servant of the people. He set a shining example for all his comrades to follow. His spirit lives on.

ALL POWER TO THE PEOPLE

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YOUTH INSTITUTE: POETRY: “I FEEL…I HURT…I CRY…I EDUCATE…I RECOGNIZE…”

(Oakland, Calif.) - Writing poetry should be an integral part of a child's education. While the three R's -- reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic -- allow for limited creativity on the child's part, poetry is a welcome opportunity for the child to use his imagination and to express some of his innermost thoughts.

At Oakland's model progressive school, the Intercommunal Youth Institute, poetry writing is an important aspect of the Language Arts curriculum. Below are poems written by Groups 5 through 7, ages seven through 11, which show the many moods and varied thoughts of the young writers.

THE WORLD IS A JUNKYARD
The world is a junkyard --

And the Presidents won't do

nothin' about it.

We need more houses for

people.

The stores need to put the

prices down.

People are poor and have no

bread,

And we need to stop being so

prejudiced.

The police should stop arresting

people…

People should unite to change

People should unite to change the

big problem.

Groups 6 and 7 collectively

YOU HAD SOME FLOWERS
You had some flowers

And now they pass

And you love them

As they die in the past.

You had some flowers

And now they pass

And you love them

As they die in the past.

If you ask about my flowers

I will tell you.

They passed in hours.

Valerie Wilson

Group 6

WE THE PEOPLE
We the people are not free.

We are the people who have

the children of the future.

That is why we must be correct

In showing examples for our

youth.

We have to assure the future

for our youth to come.

We must be brave and strong.

We must teach our youth.

Debra Williams
Group 6

I FEEL
I feel

I feel love for the people

I feel for Bobby Seale

I feel very good

I feel the table

I feel the city changing

I feel all right about the city,

Except the police (I don't

like them)

I feel the air blowing on

my face

I hurt

I hurt my back

I hurt when there is a comrade

hurt

I hurt when the pigs beat

the people

I hurt when my mother hurts

I hurt when the people hurt

I hurt when you hurt

I cry

I cry when I fall down

I cry sometimes when I'm

happy

I cry only a little while

I educate

I educate the comrades

I educate myself

I educate my mother

I educate the people

I educate the staff members

I recognize

I recognize the people

I recognize my comrades

I recognize my family

I recognize the things in

the real world.

Ricky Wallace
Group 5

THE FLOWER
Flowers are lovely like people.

One day I saw a black and purple

flower.

Boy, that was outa sight!

Kim Kennon
Group 6

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THIS WEEK IN BLACK HISTORY

JUNE 10, 1946

Jack Johnson, the great legendary Black heavyweight boxing champion, died in Raleigh, N.C., on June 10, 1946. Although constantly hounded by government authorities because of his outspoken views and his race, Johnson held the heavyweight crown from 1908-1915, defeating a long line of "great White hope" challengers in the process.

JUNE 11, 1963

An ongoing campaign to desegregate public facilities led to open hostilities in Cambridge, Maryland, on June 11, 1963, when bands of Whites attacked that city's Black community and the community resisted. According to observers, there was "shooting all over the city -- almost on the scale of warfare" and the National Guard had to be called in to enforce martial law. So raw were the tensions in Cambridge that U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy called Ms. Gloria Richardson, a Black community leader, and Mayor Calvin Mowbray to the Justice Department where they actually signed a truce agreement.

JUNE 11, 1963

Despite the opposition of racist Gov. George Wallace, two Black students accompaned by federalized National Guard troops and federal officials enrolled at the University of Alabama on June 11, 1963. Wallace's opposition fulfilled his inaugural pledge made that year: "…segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever."

JUNE 12, 1963

Brother Medgar W. Evers, 37, field secretary for the NAACP in Mississippi, was assassinated by die-hard segregationists as he stepped from his car in front of his home in Jackson on June 12, 1963.

JUNE 10, 1964

On June 10, 1964, the U.S. Senate, by a vote of 71 to 29, imposed cloture for the first time on civil rights legislation, ending a Southern filibuster and guaranteeing passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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SICKLE CELL ANEMIA KILLS 4-YEAR-OLD

(Oakland, Calif.) - Reginald Crockett would have been four years old on June 12. Instead, suddenly and without warning, young Reggie died on Friday, May 31. The cause of his death was Sickle Cell Anemia.

Neither of Reggie's parents, Oakland residents Willie and Louise Crockett, both 27, knew anything at all about this deadly blood disease until Reggie, their only child, experienced a crisis when he was one year old. At that time, the task of informing the Crockett family of the dreaded facts regarding Sickle Cell fell upon the doctors at Kaiser Hospital, to whom they had taken Reggie because of a sudden, unexplained illness.

CRISES

That was in 1971. Since then, Reggie experienced two other severe crises, caught colds often and generally felt weak.

Although the doctors at Kaiser did not give Reggie a special diet -- which is many times prescribed for Sickle Cell Anemia victims -- they told his parents that he needed plenty of liquids, meats and cereals. Following this advice seemed to help as Reggie grew and developed, but the Crockett's were always aware that there is no cure for Sickle Cell Disease.

When tragedy did strike, it took the form of a massive blood infection, an extremely high fever (106 degrees) and severe pain in the joints. Within twenty-four hours after the onset of his sudden illness, Reggie was dead.

In a conversation following his son's death, Willie Crockett, a native of Mississippi, bitterly wondered how he could have gone so long in life never having heard about Sickle Cell Anemia and never discovering he had the Sickle Cell trait. He questioned as well how many other Black people have lived and died without knowing they had Sickle Cell.

Equally tragic, Willie and Louise Crockett, a young, good-looking Black couple, have decided against having anymore children. They are unwilling to take the chance (statistically 25% for each child when both parents have Sickle Cell trait) that they might have another child suffer the pains of Sickle Cell Anemia, a

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deadly blood disease the government continues to neglect. (Editor's Note: The People's Free Medical Research Health Clinic, sponsored by the Son of Man Temple in East Oakland, has established a Sickle Cell Anemia Research Foundation, headed by Dr. Talbot Small. The Foundation provides free testing and counseling services for the community and maintains an advisory committee of doctors researching this crippling disease. For further information concerning Sickle Cell Anemia or for donations to the Sickle Cell Anemia Research Foundation, please contact the People's Free Medical Research Health Clinic, 3236 Adeline Street, Berkeley, California 94703. Or call (415) 653-2534.)

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GEORGIA GOVERNER REPLIES TO HUEY P. NEWTON'S LETTER

NO POSITIVE COMMITMENT

(Oakland, Calif.) - Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia has replied to a letter from Huey P. Newton, leader and chief theoretician of the Black Panther Party. In his letter the governor refused to commit himself to take positive action in response to Brother Newton's request for a case-by-case review of all inmates now in Georgia's prisons and the immediate release of all those found to be unjustly incarcerated. (See THE BLACK PANTHER, May 4, 1974.)

Brother Newton's letter to Governor Carter was in response to a request from the Commission for Racial Justice of the United Church of Christ for support of its efforts to win the release of all minor inmates in Georgia prisons. In his letter dated April 17, Brother Huey pointed out that Carter's decision to act in the cases of 33 women recently released from a Georgia prison "demonstrates both the validity of this request and the ability of the state of Georgia to act on it." He urged Carter to make Georgia "a trailblazing example to the other 49 states of the Union…"

However, in the following reply, dated May 2, Governor Carter simply pats himself on the back for his efforts toward "comprehensive reform" in Georgia's prisons, and declines making any commitment to Huey P. Newton's specific request.

The full text of Governor Carter's letter follows:

"Dear Mr. Newton:

"I appreciate your interest in those incarcerated in Georgia's prisons. I assure you of my concern also, and may I add that nothing would please me more than to be able to say when my term ends this year that our prison system is flawless and that every single prisoner is receiving maximum personal attention.

REFORM

"Throughout my term, which began in 1971, I have worked constantly and diligently for prison reform as well as judicial reform. Georgia no has probably the finest correctional staff to be found in any State. Education and work opportunities have been made available during my Administration on the basis of individual need. I have expanded the Pardons and Paroles Board for the purpose of lightening each member's almost impossible work load. Beginning this July a sentence review board will be activated to review complaints of inequitable sentences of five years or more.

"However, these and other comprehensive reforms will take years to be fully implemented and effective. But most importantly, we have made a beginning, and despite the constraints of time and money, improvements have already exceeded previous hopes and expectations.

"Thank you again for your letter of support.

Sincerely,
Jimmy Carter"

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A New And Important Book --: WOMAN HATING

by
ANDREA DWORKIN

There Are Not
Two Sexes, But Many

Andrea Dworkin contends that we are a "multisexual" species and that community forms, laws and even the sexual act itself must manifest and incorporate this radical new notion of sexual being.

E.P. DUTTON & CO. INC.

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S.Q. 6 SUE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS

(San Francisco, Calif.) - The San Quentin 6 are suing the California Department of Corrections in order to regain some of their basic rights. Court hearings are scheduled to begin here on June 17, 1974.

The six brothers, Johnny Spain, Hugo Pinell, Luis Talamantez, Willie Tate, David Johnson and Fleeta Drumgo have been subjected to unceasing abuse and harassment since the events of August 21, 1971, when Brother George Jackson was assassinated by San Quentin guards.

When the Six appear in court before Judge Zirpoli on June 17, they will be seeking their removal from San Quentin's Adjustment Center (the hole) which they have been confined in for over three years. They will also be suing for their rights as indicated in the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Specifically, implementation of these rights would necessitate their access to medical care, exercise, fresh air, freedom to send and receive mail without unreasonable tampering by the authorities and removal of the heavy, slave-like chains that they are now bound with.

The hearings will be in the Federal Building at 450 Golden Gate Avenue, here in San Francisco, with attorney Fred Hiestand leading the defense. Your presence or your mailed support sent to prison and state officials would greatly aid the cause of justice.

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CRIM SCHOOL SUPPORTERS CONTINUE FIGHT AT U.C. BERKELEY

(Berkeley, Calif.) - University of California students here, supporting the student/faculty Committee to Save the Crim School, dramatically demonstrated their determination last week to carry on the fight to reverse the decision of Chancellor Albert H. Bowker to close the School of Criminology.

Culminating a series of almost daily, massive protests, last Friday more than 1,000 students cheered as an effigy of Chancellor Bowker was set ablaze before his office in protest against his action. At a rally in legendary Sproul Plaza preceding the effigy burning, speakers repeatedly pledged to carry the struggle through the summer and into the fall for re-establishment of the most progressive criminology school in the country.

As part of Friday's protest, the students held mock trials at which indictments were read out against criminal justice figures, including Raymond Procunier, Director of the California Corrections Department and the three Emeryville policemen who killed 14-year-old Tyrone Guyton.

On Wednesday, following a rally at which 2,000 students protested against Bowker's decision, a brief confrontation occurred when police forced their way into Haviland Hall which houses the Crim School. The students had earlier attempted to occupy the hall, but were prevented from doing so by riot-geared police after some had managed to get into the building.

Several hundred students kept up a steady march circling Haviland Hall, while nearly 1,000 looked on and shouted their support to the protestors. Later police forced the students to leave the building. Six students were reported injured. Ralph J. Reid was treated for a broken leg. He said that police struck him on the head with a baton and pushed him down the stairs, causing his leg to be broken.

Efforts of the Committee to Save the Crim School began last fall when petitions supporting the continuation of the school were circulated. Three thousand signatures were presented to the faculty review committee, created with the purpose of legitimizing the desire of "law and order" forces in California to close the School of Criminology.

This step was necessary because the regular "peer review" system in which faculty coleagues judge the merit of the school had approved all recommendations for tenure of the faculty of the Crim School, indicating that the School met all required university standards.

Later, the Committee to Save the Crim School placed a referendum with the Berkeley student government calling for the continuation of the School in its present form. The ballot passed by 88 per cent of the students. Repeated attempts by the Committee to engage in discussions with Chancellor Bowker were rejected by the Chancellor.

It was the constant rebuffs in the face of overwhelming student and faculty support for the continuation of the School that led to the open demonstrations that have characterized the Spring semester.

In a recent edition of The Daily Californian, student newspaper of the Berkeley campus, sociology professors David Matza and Troy Duster, characterized charges that the Crim School was being closed because the "faculty" believed it to be "below standards" as inaccurate and misleading.

They wrote: "The Berkeley School of Criminology ranks as one of the two or three leading institutions that teach and do research in this area in the world. Even those of our colleagues in related fields who recommend dismantling the School cannot challenge that assertion…

"Many of the faculty and students of the School are openly critical, in the best sense of that word, of the law enforcement and correctional systems of this state and of the nation…Many faculty and students believe in an approach to learning, research

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and professional practice which stresses work in the community and in institutions, and some believe that a scientific understanding of the nature and causes of crime which emphasizes the crime in the `streets' of the less privileged, but not in the `suites' of the privileged, is as inadequate as it is political."

The two highly respected sociologists conclude: "We regard the shift toward a broader and more critical criminology as an important and fruitful development that will further our insight and knowledge about the nature of crime, and we believe that the Berkeley School of Criminology has played a significant role in this development."

-- 6 --

SHAH FOR NIXON

(Washington, D.C.) - Syndicated news columnist Jack Anderson has uncovered a number of leads indicating that the reactionary Shah of Iran may have funneled hundreds of thousands, perhaps over a million, dollars into Richard Nixon's Presidential campaign.

-- 7 --

MENARD INMATES PROTEST SEGREGATION CONDITIONS

(Menard, Ill.) - Following a rebellion here by sixty prison inmates in which three guards were taken hostage, several prison inmates were placed in the prison's segregation unit. Twelve are protesting their transfer to segregation as well as the conditions under which they are being housed.

Meanwhile, active prisoners at the Illinois State Penitentiary at Pontiac, Illinois, are seeking the removal of a racist, sadistic assistant warden. They charge that security warden Roy Leathers is a member of the Ku Klux Klan and a Department of Corrections' agent, specifically assigned to maintain and encourage the most reactionary conditions at Pontiac.

In the Menard Penitentiary action twelve prison inmates have signed and distributed a list of grievances in which they detail the various ways in which they are being abused and enumerate the particular sections of the prison administration regulations that are being violated by Warden Thomas R. Israel.

The prisoners received a brief note from the warden explaining that they were being placed in segregation "for purposes of investigation following the East Cellhouse disturbance of May 17, 1974." The 12 point out that contrary to regulations sections #802 and #804, rule nine, they were not taken before or allowed to the Institutional Assignment.

-- 8 --
Committee to discuss their involvement in the incident. Since certain other prisoners were allowed to do so, this was also a violation of regulations section #857, which prohibits any "discrimination."

Administration regulations section #804, rule 14, asserts that a copy of the inmate violation report, including whatever disciplinary action is taken, must be filed with the chief administration officer of the penal institution where the inmate is held within 72 hours after the violation takes place. This was not done in this case.

The prisoners also have numerous complaints that are common to the inmates of American prisons pertaining to food, clothing, shelter, safety and health needs.

The grievance document was compiled in pursuance to administration regulations section #845 and the Unified Code of Regulations 100-8-8.

-- 7 --

ELEVEN BLACK INMATES FACE MURDER CHARGES IN ALABAMA

(Brewton, Alabama) - A series of trials are scheduled to start here in mid-June in the cases of eleven brothers, all members of Inmates For Action (IFA), who are accused of committing violent and disruptive acts while they were incarcerated in the Alabama prison system. The brothers are facing charges of first degree murder and intent to murder in connection with disturbances on January 18, 1974, at Atmore prison farm and on March 12, 1974, at Holman maximum security prison unit. In both instances, inmates as well as guards were slain.

Brothers Johnny Harris, Lincoln Heard and Frank X. Moore are charged with first degree murder, Brothers Charles Beasley and Johnny Lee Wilson are charged with two counts each of assault with intent to murder and Brothers Oscar Lee Johnson and Grover McCorvey are charged both with murder and two counts each of assault with intent to commit murder. The charges stem from the stabbing-death of one prison guard and the stabbing of another during a wild attack upon prisoners staging a peaceful demonstration in the Atmore segregation unit. One prisoner, Brother George Dobbins, a leader of IFA, also died that day when guards stabbed him to death while taking him to the hospital after the attack. Forty prisoners were seriously injured in the carnage.

Brother Jessie James Clanzy was beaten nearly to death the day before the Atmore rebellion following an escape attempt he made from Holman prison. Holman is also in Atmore, Alabama. Clanzy will now have to stand trial for assault with intent to murder the guards who beat him. This charge is totally fabricated.

Finally, Brothers Anthony Paradise, Edward Ellis and George Parker will all be facing first degree murder counts for the Holman prison incident of March 12. They allegedly passed knives through prison bars to a fourth prisoner, Brother Tommy Lee Dotson, a leader of IFA at Holman, who then allegedly stabbed four guards, killing one of them. Dotson who was handcuffed at the time and under heavy guard while walking through a corridor adjoining the three accused men's cells, was then beaten to death with baseball bats.

"The brother was lying on the floor unconscious with a big hole on the side of his head and one of the eyes was knocked out of his head. They then drug him out and threw him down the staircase. We heard the warden (Tom Potts, formerly Police Chief of Troy, Alabama) say, `Y'all go on and kill the nigger. This is another one we won't have to worry about anymore,'" recalls Brother Ellis, who observed the entire incident from his cell.

The three witnesses to the murder are all now being tried for allegedly aiding the dead victim. The prison grapevine insists that the deceased guard actually died of a heart attack incurred as a result of his own vigorous activity in beating Brother Dotson.

Prisoners in Alabama report that the prison administration of commissioner L.B. Sullivan, has compiled a "death list" of the most active prison inmates. The men whose names are on the list are marked to die one by one. The leaders and the remaining members of the Alabama Inmates For Action are said to lead the list. The Board of Corrections, of course, denies that such a list exists.

-- 7 --

MOTHER OF 16 FINISHES GRADE SCHOOL

(New York, N.Y.) - Mrs. MARIA WINLEY, with her husband (on her right) and her 16 children, received her elementary school graduation certificate last week. Said the 52-year-old Mrs. Winley who graduated from a Continuing Education program at New York City's Hunter College: "I've always wanted to go back to school."

She now plans to go on through high school.

-- 8 --

600 PROTEST N.C. DEATH PENALTY

33 ON DEATH ROW

(Greensboro, N.C.) - North Carolina's death penalty came under attack in Greensboro in May as 600 people rallied on the steps of the city's Municipal Plaza. Thirty-three men and women -- some still in their teens, most of them Black, all of them poor -- currently sit on North Carolina's death row, and new death row victims are being added at the rate of three a month.

The Greensboro rally, organized by a broad coalition of Black and White citizens, was one of a series which have been held throughout the state in an effort to expose the backwardness of the state's death penalty and the penal system in general, according to reports from YOBU News Service.

The rally got under way as 400 students, chanting "We Don't Want the Chair, the Chair's Not Fair," marched from the campus of A&T State University to join the crowd that was already forming.

LONE BLACK

A.S. Webb, the lone Black member of the North Carolina State Board of Corrections who has worked hard for an end to the death penalty, spoke first. He noted that "it is significant that a large number of young people are here today because the average age in North Carolina's prisons is 23." The state also has one of the largest prison populations in the country.

Two days before the rally, the state's death row had been reduced by one as Samuel Poole was freed after an Appeals Court found that there was no evidence upon which to support his previous conviction. Poole had been sentenced to death for a burglary in which nothing was stolen and no one injured.

Poole and his family traveled to Greensboro to participate in the rally. "I am glad to be off death row and home with my family. I am against capital punishment and hope the others will be off death row soon," he said as the crowd gave him a standing ovation.

Other speakers zeroed in on the basis by which people are assigned to death row. "In the final analysis," noted Rev. Cecil Bishop, "a person who has the means, qualifies in terms of color, and knows the angles, never ends up on death row."

"These are people who were born in poverty, grew up in exploitation and will die in oppression," said Adrienne Weeks, an A&T student and member of the Youth Organization for Black Unity (YOBU). "Abolishing capital punishment is good and necessary, but not sufficient. Part of the effort is to expose the falsehoods, corruption and hypocrisy which characterizes this system. Why is it that North Carolina prisons are jammed, while known criminals run loose in the White House?"

-- 8 --

PEOPLE'S PERSPECTIVE

PSYCHOSURGERY
DEFENDED

(Los Angeles, Calif.) - University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Chancellor Charles E. Young has defended the much protested proposal by the Neuropsychiatric Institute on the Westwood Campus to conduct research into what some maintain are the basic causes of violent behavior. The proposal has come under severe criticism, because it can involve psychosurgical operations, and members of minority groups will be the chief victims.

ARAB OFFICE BOMBED

(New York, N.Y.) - A suspicious fire damaged the offices of the Action Committee on Ameican-Arab Relations here recently. The head of the organization, Dr. Mohammed T. Medhi, said he suspected arson by some pro-Israeli group.

BRUTALITY SUIT
PAYS OFF

(Philadelphia, Pa.) - Fortynine demonstrators will receive $32,050 from the city of Philadelphia as compensation for treatment they received from police during 1972 Presidential protests. Suits against the city had been filed by demonstrators who charged unlawful arrest and detention by police officials. The city also agreed to pay $12,250 to the demonstrators for lawyers' fees.

JACK RUBY
"INSANE"

(Washington, D.C.) - In a never-before published report, a Chicago psychiatrist has disclosed that Jack Ruby was not mentally competent to stand trial for the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, accused assassin of President John F. Kennedy. According to Dr. Werner Tuteur, who interviewed Ruby on four separate occasions in July 1965, the Dallas nightclub owner was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. Ruby could not distinguish between friend and foe," wrote Dr. Tuteur.

-- 9 --

BLACK ATLANTANS DEMAND POLICE CHIEF'S OUSTER

(Atlanta, Ga.) - Approximately 2,000 Atlanta citizens demonstrated through the streets here May 27, demanding the ouster of police chief John Inman despite threats of violence from city police.

Organized by the People's Coalition to Get Rid of Inman, the unintimidated demonstrators, primarily consisting of young Black people, marched from the gravesite of Dr. Martin Luther King to City Hall where they held a massive rally. Militant chants and banners demanded "Fire Police Chief Inman," "Abolish the Stakeout Squad," "End Police Terror," and "End Police Spying."

The successful action was organized on three days' notice following revelations that Chief Inman had planted a Black female police agent on the staff of The Atlanta Voice, the city's progressive Black newspaper, whose reporting provided THE BLACK PANTHER with news on the fight to oust Inman. The demonstrators were also demanding an immediate end to the special police units and stakeout squads that have been responsible for the murder of most of the 20 Black men ruthlessly killed by Chief Inman's police force.

At City Hall the demonstrators cheered their approval of a letter

-- 14 --
to Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson from the Citizens To Stop Inman, one of the groups in the coalition. The letter expressed the Black community's full support of Mayor Jackson's attempts to fire Chief Inman, and demanded that the mayor immediately evict Inman from office instead of waiting for the courts to remove him. Jackson fired Inman on May 3 after community pressure for his ouster forced the mayor to take action under powers given the mayor by Atlanta's new city charter.

Chief Inman refused to leave the office, stating that he was appointed under the old charter and would abide by it. He used a force of 25 rifle-brandishing SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactical Squad) cops to back up his power play. He then obtained a court injunction against Jackson's firing from the DeKalb County Superior Court.

TRIAL

Meanwhile, the Atlanta City Council plans to hold a trial on June 18 to determine if there are grounds to remove the police chief for invasion of privacy and violation of the Constitutional rights of The Atlanta Voice. Inman planted Black police officer Marion Lee on the newspaper's staff immediately following her graduation from the Atlanta police academy. Inman has in turn been granted a hearing June 13 by DeKalb County Superior Court in a legal attempt to block the trial.

The situation is politically explosive in Atlanta, for the majority of the Black community, which elected a Black mayor and a predominantly Black city council, is demanding relief from the terror of the Atlanta police (whose special squads murdered two more young Black men in April and, in an incident on May 10, shot three Black youths and arrested seven others).

The letter endorsed by the rally warned Mayor Jackson, who had publicly disassociated himself from the march, that his actions and those of other Black city officials are being watched closely for, as one demonstrator at the rally put it, "The days of electing Black officials to political offices without the community demanding their responsibility to those who put them in office is coming to an end."

-- 9 --

CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION TO INVESTIGATE JOBS FOR POOR WOMEN

(Washington, D.C.) - The effect of federal job training programs on women in poverty will be the main topic investigated by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in a hearing set for June 17 to 19, in Chicago.

The hearing, which will be held at the Student Center of the University of Illinois, Circle Campus, will be primarily concerned with examining the relationship between sex and racial/ethnic discrimination and the disproportionate number of women in poverty.

The Commission is an independent, bipartisan fact-finding agency, concerned with the rights of minorities and women. In 1972, its jurisdiction was extended to sex discrimination. This will be its first hearing on women's rights.

A key federal job training program to be studied is the Work Incentive Program (WIN), particularly as an unjust required-work component of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), a welfare program administered by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). These programs are of particular concern to Black and Third World communities because a large percentage of women in poverty are either Black or other minority women.

Since 1968, AFDC recipients, 76 per cent of whom are women, have illegally been required to register with WIN and are then funneled into jobs and/or job training, usually for low-pay, low-skill employment.

The major failure of the WIN program is that while women comprise 70 per cent of all WIN participants, only 18 per cent of those who register with the program earn enough to take them off welfare. Wage levels indicate the sexual bias of the WIN program. In 1973, the median entry level wage for males in the program was $2.58 as compared with $1.87 for women at the same level.

The Commission will investigate charges that the WIN program discriminates against women in selecting and placing participants and that its emphasis on placing women in jobs rather than training them helps keep them on the welfare rolls.

Other federal job training programs to be examined include the Department of Labor's Manpower Development and Training program and several on-the-job training programs funded by the Labor Department and operated by private employers.

In addition, the Commission will hear testimony on three low-paying occupations which are overwhelmingly female -- secretaries, hospital workers and household employees.

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DELLUMS' CORNER: ON FEDERAL AID TO CITIES

(Washington, D.C.) - California Congressman Ronald V. Dellums has joined 42 other members of the House of Representatives in a drive to prevent a major cutback in federal aid to over 100 U.S. cities. The cuts will occur, the House members say, unless changes are made in a bill now pending before the House Banking and Currency Committee.

The congress people want the Committee to include adequate safeguards against the funding cutback in the bill, which would establish a new $1.05 billion community development block grant program, beginning in 1975.

The new urban aid program would replace existing programs such as Urban Renewal and Model Cities, run by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Under the guidelines of the new program, a city's funding would be partially determined by a formula which takes into account the city's population, as well as the degree of poverty and housing overcrowding within the community.

According to Dellums, "(The) funding formula will be a boom to those communities that have ignored HUD programs in the past. But it will mean a sharp funding cut over the next six years to many cities now actively involved in Urban Renewal and Model Cities programs."

Writing to House Committee chairman Wright Patman, the congresspeople have urged the Committee "to take the necessary steps to prevent this major loss in community development program capacity. It is difficult for us to justify this cutback in community development support during a time when so many cities are battling to maintain a healthy urban environment for their residents."

-- 9 --

MEREDITH WITHDRAWS

(Jackson, Miss.) - After having led a five-candidate field in the Democratic primary for Congress here, James Meredith. A Black civil rights leader, withdrew from the run-off, which would have determined the Democratic candidate for that office. Meredith said he would run for the post in November as an independent, hoping to split the White vote.

-- 10 --

2 BLACK SAILORS ON NAVY RACISM: “REFORM IS NOT THE ANSWER”

The following interview with two Black sailors is reprinted in part from the Grapes of Wrath, the newspaper of the enlisted men and women's Defense Committee (Tidewater), published in Norfolk, Virginia. The names are false to protect the men from Navy persecution. John and Ted, the names used, are crewmen aboard the U.S. aircraft carriers Kennedy and Forrestal.

QUESTION: There's been a lot of talk over the last year about racial troubles on the Navy's aircraft carriers, like the Kitty Hawk and the Constellation. Could you tell us something about your ships, what problems you see?

TED: Like this First Class had the nerve to sit around with these two White guys and talk about "niggers being this," and "niggers being that," "shiftless" and "lazy," and all this. He was talking about "niggers," but he used my name, you know, to emphasize. So the guys took him to Mast for it, but nothing ever happened about it. Racism doesn't come from the E-3 and below, it's the people that have the little priority and seniority, and the brass.

JOHN: OK, for instance, there are certain very technical ratings in the Navy, and I have heard one chief in one of these ratings say that the reason why there are no Blacks in his rating is because he feels that there are no Blacks intelligent enough to hold the job. He had the say-so as to who would enter his rating.

TED: They get down on Puerto Ricans too. They want to know why do Puerto Ricans speak Spanish when they're just by themselves?

HAIRCUTS

QUESTION: One thing we hear from a lot of White guys is that Blacks get away with things, like on haircuts, work details, etc.

TED: No. I don't believe that, man. About these haircuts, the Blacks just refuse to get their hair cut.

If everybody would just say, "We're not going to get a haircut," then things would happen that way.

Like on my ship, when they had these inspections, everybody got the ship squared away. I had been cleaning there for about three weeks, and everytime this inspector came around, I got "satisfactory." And this one day, I left the space. I cleaned the space, and then I left and told this White guy to watch it for me. I didn't work no harder than I had usually been doing, so the guy comes around and gives me an excellent."

So I tell the White guy, "Yeah, if you hadn't been here, it probably would've been an 'unsat." So he says, "Yeah, it probably would have been."

So no, about Blacks getting away with things, I don't believe it.

JOHN: I think people are becoming more aware today, they're beginning to understand that this isn't just a prejudice kind of thing, it's not just a "honky" or "nigger" kind of thing.

So I think the problem is not racial. It's a power thing. I blame it on the Navy structure, on the caste system of the Navy. Institutionalized racism is a part of everything.

QUESTION: What do you think about these different race relations programs the Navy has now? Do you think they do any good?

JOHN: The Navy's biggest problem is that they deal with the symptom and not the disease. Whenever an incident occurs, all of a sudden there is a huge amount of interest generated in these programs. But when they believe it's a safe time again, the interest dies out.

QUESTION: What do you think it would take to really solve the problem of racism in the military?

JOHN: I hate to be negative about it, but I believe that not very much can be done, because unless you change the very military structure itself, racism is a constant thing. I'm not talking about reforms, I'm talking about change -- something stronger than reform.

QUESTION: What would people have to do to make that kind of change?

JOHN: I notice that Holland has a servicemen's union, and they are very powerful. Last year they voted to do away with the saluting of officers. They also abolished haircuts. Perhaps something like this, a strong servicemen's union, might be a necessary step. The next step, as a matter of fact.

-- 10 --

THREE A.I.M. WOMEN ACQUITTED

(Sioux Falls, S.D.) - The government has once again lost in its attempt to prosecute Wounded Knee defendants. Judge Warren K. Urbom in the federal District Court here ruled on May 28 in favor of a defense motion to acquit Tonia Ackerman, Lorelei DeCora Means and Madonna Gilbert.

The three women were charged with burglary and larceny of the Wounded Knee Trading Post on February 27, 1973, during the occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in protest against the wholesale mistreatment of Native Americans.

The defense moved for acquittal on the basis that the government had not proved its case. The women were discovered in a vehicle with goods taken from the Trading Post on that date. But the judge ruled that no demonstrable evidence connected the women with the burglary and larceny as charged.

The government argued that the charges were based on circumstantial evidence, namely possession of recently stolen goods which "common sense" should connect with the crimes charged.

But Judge Urbom stated his decision was not built on any thought that any justifiable reason for the looting of the Trading Post had been shown. "I rely entirely on the evidence before me," he said.

Albert Krieger, attorney for Lorlelei Means, dramatically expressed the respect the defense had come to have for Judge Urbom during the three and a half months of proceedings in connection with the cases against the three Women and in the earlier case of Marianne DeCora (Lorelei's sister) and Vaughn Dix Baker.

Marianne and Vaughn were discharged after they won their motion to suppress the evidence against them and the government was denied its application for appeal.

On hearing of her acquittal, Madonna Gilbert, the only defendant in the courtroom at the time, said with a huge smile: "Isn't that something! I'm only sorry he didn't rule on the illegality of the Trading Post operations. But he is a judge. Imagine -- now the score is Indians 9, government 0!"

-- 10 --

EARN MONEY: Sell THE BLACK PANTHER

Young brothers and sisters in the Bay Area can earn money after school and on weekends by selling THE BLACK PANTHER. Any young brother or sister at least nine years of age living in the Oakland-San Francisco-Berkeley area who would like to sell THE BLACK PANTHER newspaper should call Sherman Brewster at 638-0195 in Oakland for further information, or come to 8501 E. 14th St. at a.m. on Saturdays.

-- 11 --

IN SEARCH OF COMMON GROUND: CONVERSATIONS WITH ERIK H. ERIKSON: AND HUEY P. NEWTON

This week THE BLACK PANTHER continue's our exclusive reprinting of a major portion of In Search of Common Ground, the book of recorded conversations between Huey P. Newton, the brilliant young leader and theoretician of the Black Panther Party, and Harvard Professor Erik H. Erikson, the country's foremost psychoanalyst.

In recent excerpts Huey and Professor Erikson discussed indepth the effects of one's childhood upon a person's mental and physical development throughout his/her life. Brother J. Herman Blake, sociology professor at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and Kai T. Erikson, sociology professor at Yale University and Professor Erikson's son, join Huey and Professor Erikson in the discussion.

E. ERIKSON: Was your father somewhat different from the rest of the community? Did you perceive him as typical or unique?

NEWTON: Well, one of the problems my father had with people was that he was very light skinned with straight hair, and they could say that he was different from other Blacks. He would take exception to that, though, and say that he was no different and would rather be treated like every other member of his group. He would not accept any favors. He told us later that foremen on jobs would say. "You don't want to do this work, the other guys can do it; you can be truck driver." But he would say, "No. I'd rather not be a truck driver; I'll sweep the streets." So people attempted to treat him differently, but he would not accept it.

E. ERIKSON: Well, then, he was different in not letting them make him different.

NEWTON: Of course.

E. ERIKSON: So in many ways you came from a more stable family than most Blacks do.

NEWTON: My father went up to about eighth grade or so. He's not professional, although he has many skills. He lays brick, he's a cement mason, and he's a carpenter; but he does not have any credentials, so he would have to do all of this for a handyman's price. As I said, he would work three jobs to take care of seven children. He was a stable figure and we always depended upon him. My mother has never worked -- she was always in the house having children or taking care of them -- so he would have to do everything: pay all the bills, do three jobs, everything. Now I may be searching again for explanations, but one of the reasons I do not have a family or ever hope to have one other than the Party is that I have always identified with the sufferings of my father. I felt that he was captured. All he would do is work, and then he would send me around Oakland to pay all of the bills until the money was gone. This would happen every two weeks, and I decided that I would never be a slave like that. He was a slave, you see. He did it because he loved us, and we in turn loved him; but at the same time I rebelled against it….

K. ERIKSON: So the Party will be your family?

NEWTON: The Party requires a good deal of sacrifice, but in order to sacrifice you need love. You know, Herbert Hendin has pointed out in a recent book that Black suicide is different from White suicide: 80 per cent of all Black suicides occur, he says, because of the lack or loss of a lover -- although I would just want to say lack or loss of love in general. Whites commit suicide because they suffer the loss of prestige or position or economic security, but Blacks commit suicide for lack of love because this is all we have. If love is gone there is no reason to go on -- and this is how I feel about the Party. I am willing to make any sacrifice, not because of a suicidal tendency on my part, as some psychologists and sociologists have concluded, but because the sacrifice is compensated through the fraternity. But then the question arises at this stage of the game: what happens after the fraternity is broken, you see? Where's the reinforcement going to come from?

E. ERIKSON: Well, that brings us back to the whole question of the fraternal and fratricidal relations of revolutionaries.

NEWTON: Is that a necessary part of development though?

E. ERIKSON: The matter of brothers and sisters forming a community is a theme in all development. I suppose, but it seems to become an acute problem of leadership in revolutions. I watched you on television the other day when your old friend (Eldridge Cleaver) broke with you, and I couldn't help thinking (you may not want to discuss this here at all): What do brothers do to each other once it becomes a matter of struggling for power among equals?

NEWTON: The struggle for power among the brothers may be a natural outgrowth of eliminating the father, but it will probably hurt more than the struggle between the son and the father because divorce is sharper. It is more devastating. But I don't know if I agree with you that this is a natural kind of outgrowth. I just don't know.

E. ERIKSON: I didn't mean that. What I meant is that different historical situations bring out different aspects of man's learned patterns. And if this is so, then maybe it would be better to understand those patterns in order to control them better. There can be such a waste of human resources when the simplest emotions are misunderstood.

NEWTON: I think it would be fair to state that there is no real difference between familyhood and tribalism and no real difference between tribalism and nationhood. They all depend upon a sense of identity that is exclusive, you see -- and this is even true of what they call internationalism.

BLAKE: When you say there is no difference, do you mean there is no difference in principle or in kind between, say, tribalism and nationhood?

NEWTON: There is only a quantitative difference between familyhood and tribalism and between tribalism and nationhood, not a qualitative difference.

TO BE CONTINUED

-- 12 --

C.I.A. COLLABORATED WITH WATERGATE PLUMBERS

(Washington, D.C.) - Evidence indicating the existence of a conspiracy between the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Nixon administration to defame the character of Dr. Daniel Ellsberg, who was charged with leaking the Pentagon Papers, has been reported. The evidence shows that the Nixon administration and the CIA maliciously violated the law which forbids the agency from engaging in domestic undercover work.

The evidence, a stenographic record of a 1971 telephone conversation, may be crucial in the upcoming prosecution of the White House "plumbers." The "plumbers" task force was aimed at halting leaks to the press, according to Nixon.

The existence of the transcript of the phone conversation was disclosed by what The New York Times calls "an extremely well-placed source." The document is believed to be the only record of a July 7, 1971, telephone call in which former top Presidential aid John D. Ehrlichman requested CIA assistance for one of the "plumbers" from General Robert E. Cushman, Jr., the Agency's deputy director at the time.

Although he claimed having "no recollection" of making the request, Ehrlichman was charged with the overall responsibility for the "plumbers." But, if Ehrlichman did not request the technical assistance from the CIA, how was E. Howard Hunt, a "plumber" who was later convicted for the Watergate break-in, provided by the CIA's Technical Services Division with false identification papers and equipment, including a hidden camera that was used for "photographic reconnaissance" of the Beverly Hills, California, office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist?

The burglary of the office of Dr. Ellsberg's psychiatrist was arranged by Hunt to seek information on Ellsberg. Hunt told a federal grand jury. General Cushman, now commandant of the Marine Corps, told the Senate Watergate Committee last summer he received a telephone call in early July, 1971, that he believed was from Ehrlichman, requesting some technical assistance for Hunt. The existence of the shorthand notes, taken by a secretary who is said to have listened in on the conversation, would bear out Cushman's statement to the Watergate Committee.

According to The New York Times source, the brief stenographic record, which amounts to three lines, was made by a CIA secretary who listened to the Ehrlichman-Cushman conversation on a "dead key," which is a button on a telephone instrument that allows a second party to listen to a conversation in progress without beng overheard, a common practice in Washington, D.C.

-- 12 --

ELIMINATE PRESIDENCY PAPER AVAILABLE

THE BLACK PANTHER has available upon request copies of the Black Panther Party's Position Paper on the Elimination of the Offices of President and Vice-President. This important document may be obtained free of charge by writing: Central Distribution, 8501 E. 14th Street, Oakland, Calif. 94621.

-- 12 --

LOS ANGELES POLICE USED “KILL AND DESTROY” MILITARY TACTICS ON S.L.A. DEATH HOUSE

BY LINDA SISKIND

At 5:50 p.m. on May 17, 1974, a Los Angeles policeman stood in front of a suspected SLA hideout and fired a tear gas grenade. This action, and the battle that followed, brought national attention to the Los Angeles Police Department's SWAT unit -- the first police unit in the country to employ specifically military tactics and training.

SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) was born in 1968 when the LAPD realized that "ordinary street policemen didn't have the expertise or achievement needed to handle guerrilla groups," according to SWAT Sergeant Rod Bock. The idea has proved popular: a growing number of police departments across the country have come to rely on military perspectives and planning.

The LAPD at first turned to the U.S. Marines at nearby Camp Pendleton for advice and training. With the Marines, they developed the concept of working in four to five member teams, composed of a leader, marksman, observer, scout and rear guard. Bock acknowledges that this concept came from Vietnam.

"We couldn't use all of the military tactics they use." Bock says. "If you're in a war, the military just destroys the house. We try to capture and apprehend rather than slay…99 per cent of the time no shots are fired."

SWAT teams carry semi-automatic weapons, hand guns, gas masks, gas canisters, smoke devices, ropes, pry bars, manhold hooks and walkie talkie radios. Additional equipment follows them in a step van which serves as a mobil command post: armored vests, steel helmets, extra ammunition, battering rams and medical supplies.

Although most SWAT members have already had military experience, they receive more than 1,000 hours of instruction in such subjects as the history of guerrila warfare, scouting and patrolling, camouflage and concealment, combat in "built-up areas," chemical agents and first aid. Their instructors are less likely now than a few years ago to be Marine Corps personnel, but the LAPD still enjoys "extensive cooperation and rapport with the Marine Corps." Bock says, and still trains at Camp Pendleton.

They also train at the Universal Studios movie set, a more urban setting where almost any situation can be set up and studied. "WE can fake a bank robbery, stage a riot, set up a sniper situation or practice taking a barricaded gunman out of a house," says SWAT instructor Sergeant Bernie Ramas.

According to Bock, SWAT operations are 60 per cent offensive, 40 per cent defensive. Offense gets the edge, he explains, because SWAT is called in only when other methods have failed. (BPINS emphasis.)

SWAT members are volunteers from the LAPD's metropolitan division, and they operate as ordinary police officers most of the time. In the past, they have been deployed to rescue hostages, protect visiting dignitaries -- including the President and Vice-President, rescue officers under fire or threatened by barricaded suspects, and protect crowd control officers at demonstrations, rock festivals or at civil disturbances, particulary when there was a threat of sniper attack.

Most large American cities, as well as the FBI, now have SWAT-type units or are developing them. The LAPD still receives four to five requests a week for officers and material to train men in other cities.

On the federal level, the defense and justice

-- 13 --
departments' planning for dealing with civil disturbances goes back to 1963, after the voter registration campaigns in Mississippi and Alabama.

In that year, "the Joint Chiefs of Staff instructed the U.S. Strike Command to prepare detailed plans for the deployment of civil disturbance forces… within the continental United States," according to the U.S. Attorney General in his 1972 Annual Report. The Strike Command's plan, STEEP HILL, called for the deployment of up to 21,000 troops.

In 1964, at President Johnson's request, the army began to expand its program of riot control instruction for senior army officials, the National Guard, and civilian authorities designated by the FBI.

Army efforts accelerated again in 1967, following the rebellions in Detroit and disturbances in 150 other cities. The army established a task force to study its role in civil disturbances: sponsored conferences on civil disturbances to discuss liaison between army, National Guard and local officials; and established a formal policy for the loan of its equipment to civilian authorities.

After disturbances following the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King, the Secretary of Defense established the Directorate of Civil Disturbance Planning and Operations (later renamed Directorate of Military Support) to direct all Defense Department activities on the domestic front.

Earlier that year, the army opened its doors at the military police school at Fort Gordon, Georgia, for its first "Civil Disturbanc Orientation Course" for senior officials. The week long session includes discussion of past civil disturbance operations, manifestations of dissent, police-press-community relations, operational techniques, interagency authority and responsibility, use of munitions and equipment and evaluation of community plans and preparations.

In 1969, in the first month of Richard Nixon's Presidency, eligibility requirements for taking this course were relaxed to allow military reserve officials, senior civil law enforcement officials, mayors, fire chiefs, and civil defense personnel.

In 1971, the last year for which figures are available, 825 military people and 650 civilians took the course. The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) is now expanding the program, and paying per diem and travel expenses for those civilian participants who request it.

At a similar course, set up by the State of California at Camp San Luis Obispo and funded by the LEAA, the curriculum focuses on problems and remedies on the state level, before federal involvement is required.

Such federal involvement in local police matters is, according to many specialists in Constitutional law, prohibited under Article IV of the Constitution. Article IV guarantees federal intervention against "domestic violence" in states only "on application of the legislature or governor (when the legislature cannot be convened)."

As a 1972 Attorney General's report prepared under Richard Kleindienst notes, the Army accepts its role of assisting civil law enforcement "with reluctance," since "identification with police activity is not in consonance with its mission of national defense."

[THE BLACK PANTHER thanks Pacific News Service for providing us with this information.]

-- 13 --

NIXON FACES CONTEMPT OF COURT CHARGES

(Washington, D.C.) - At this writing, federal Judge Gerhard A. Gesell is considering citing President Nixon with contempt of court because of the President's refusal to surrender subpoenaed trial evidence in the Ellsberg burglary case.

Angered over Nixon's insistence that he and he alone has the authority to decide which materials to surrender "consistent with the public interest," Judge Gesell warned. "The position of the President…not to allow Mr. (John) Ehrlichman (former domestic affairs adviser to Nixon who is currently on trial for conspiracy in the 1971 Ellsberg burglary case) to be represented by counsel as the Constitution requires is offensive. I think it borders on obstruction."

Gesell has threatened to dismiss the indictment against Ehrlichman and others facing conspiracy charges unless the President surrenders relevant defense evidence.

Gesell ruled several days ago that it was up to the court, not Nixon, to decide which materials requested by the defendants should be made available for their use. While the White House provided a number of items subpoenaed by Ehrlichman, it has stubbornly refused to surrender boxes full of Ehrlichman's handwritten notes, notes Ehrlichman says will be available in his defense.

Meanwhile, as Judge Gesell's decision is awaited, the revelation that in February the Watergate grand jury named Nixon as an unindicted co-conspirator in the Watergate cover-up will presumably have to be taken into consideration by the House Judiciary Committee in its impeachment inquiry.

The grand jury's action, coupled with Judge Gesell's decision, are key factors in the impeachment inquiry. Even if Gesell decides against citing the President with contempt. Nixon is clearly obstructing justice, one more reason why he must be impeached and removed from office.

Watergate special prosecutor Leon Jaworski has said in public statements both before and after the cover-up indictment was returned on March 1 that there was "a very, very strong question as to whether or not a sitting President is indictable."

(A grand jury, with the advice of prosecutors, determines who is to be indicted and who is to be named an unidicted co-conspirator. In a standard criminal case an unindicted co-conspirator refers to a person the grand jury believes participated in a conspiracy but does not want to indict for one of two reasons: the prosecution wants to use him as a witness against others or there is insufficient evidence to establish his guilt.)

Jaworski's court arguments on transmitting the grand jury's report indicated that he considers the House Judiciary Committee as the proper body to decide the President's role in the case.

An ordinary private citizen would have been put behind bars months ago if he had committed the crimes that Richard Nixon has. But because Nixon is President of the United States, he has so far succeeded in placing himself above the law. Nixon's escape from justice must not be allwoed to continue. A Constitutional crisis should not be precipitated over the President's role in Watergate. He is guilty of conspiring against the American people in order to increase his power.

The Watergate grand jury's decision and Judge Gesell's consideration of Nixon for contempt serve to strengthen the case for Nixon's impeachment and removal from office.

-- 14 --

MINE WORKERS STAGE WALK OUT AGAINST SOUTH AFRICAN COAL IMPORTS

(Birmingham, Ala.) - Nearly 8,000 members of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) staged a one-day walk-out May 29 to protest Southern Company's plans to import coal from South Africa. On the day of the walkout, 3,000 miners along with rank-and-file workers of several other unions demonstrated outside Southern Company's stockholder's meeting in downtown Birmingham.

The Southern Company is a multi-billion dollar monopoly which controls several southern utility companies. The company has recently contracted to buy 500,000 tons of South African coal in 1974 and 750,000 tons in 1975. The first shipment is due to arrive soon in Mobile, Alabama.

A few miners were able to get inside Southern's stockholder's meeting to present a list of demands, reports Liberation News Service.

ALARM

The stockholders' initial alarm at the demonstration outside was overcome, said the miners, when Southern's president, Alvin Vogtle, announced that the past year's profits climbed to $154 million. Vogtle drew applause from stockholders when he dismissed the Coalition to Stop South African Coal saying it was "just a bunch of outside agitators, socialists and communists."

A speaker at the demonstration outside, the wife of a retired Alabama coal miner, said that the predominantly White, UMWA union was threatened "by the purchase of coal from a country which operates a highly exploitative economic system based on enforced slave labor for the benefit of a small White minority.

Calling on working people in Alabama to support the struggle of Black miners in South Africa she said, "We are fighting for the same things, freedom, the right to a decent life and the right to control our own lives."

Enough coal can be mined in the southern U.S. to meet Southern Company's needs. However, South African coal is competitive with U.S. coal; even after the high cost of shipping it 10,000 miles to U.S. markets.

South African coal is cheap because Blacks there are forced to work in the mines for little more than $3 per day. They are denied collective bargaining and the mines in which they work are among the most dangerous in the world. The worst mining disaster in history occured there in 1960 when over a square mile of mine roof fell in, killing 437 miners.

The Southern Company is not the only U.S. corporation planning to cash in on cheap South African coal. According to the magazine, South African Scope, Consolidation Coal Co. "is negotiating to acquire a coal deposit for itself and failing this is prepared to acquire a large share in an existing Southern African coal company."

The UMWA has begun efforts to join with the Miners International Federation and the British Trade Union Congress as well as U.S. church and labor groups in opposing the conditions Black workers face under southern Africa's White minority rule.

UMWA officials have set up a meeting with Alabama governor George Wallace to impress upon him that Southern Company's coal contract will have an adverse economic impact on the Alabama coal industry and could eliminate the jobs of at least 375 miners. The loss of 375 jobs is only the tip of the iceberg, however, if other U.S. energy companies begin importing South African coal as expected.

-- 14 --

STANFORD EMPLOYEES WIN FIGHT FOR JOB BENEFITS

(Stanford, Calif.) - The United Stanford Employees victoriously reached a settlement last week with the stubborn administration of Stanford University, thus ending its 21-day strike for higher wages, increased medical benefits and other employee demands.

The strike, which began May 13 and involved more than 900 of the 1,400 technical, maintenance and service employees in the union, disrupted activities on the campus for three weeks and forced the university administration to agree to the major bargaining issues of the union. (See last week's issue of THE BLACK PANTHER.)

Major concessions forced from the administration included a 10 per cent increase in salaries retroactive from September, an eight per cent increase the second year and a possible eight and one-half per cent increase in the third year. The union also won an additional supplement for the employee's health plans, but fell short of their goal of forcing the university to offer a full-range family health plan.

Jerry Knaak, publicity chairman during the strike, told THE BLACK PANTHER that the United Stanford Employees, Local 680 of the Service Employees International Union, plans to continue fighting for increased medical benefits and other rights.

The union also plans to recruit more of the service and maintenance employees on campus and extend its organizational efforts to the clerical and low-salaried administrative workers on campus. Knaak said that there is a possibility that graduate students at the university may organize and join the union as well.

-- 15 --

Intercommunal News: Africa In Focus

O.A.U.

Nzo Ekangaki has submitted his resignation as Secretary General of the Organization of African Unity, citing "personal reasons." However, African sources report that Mr. Ekangaki's resignation is the result of widespread protests within the OAU over his signing of an agreement with Lonrho, an international cartel with extensive interests in South Africa, to be the OAU's oil consultant.

RHODESIA

The African National Council of Rhodesia, a moderate-led political organization of Africans, last week rejected Rhodesia's White minority government proposals for more negotiations on the issue of Black representation and voting rights in Rhodesia. A Council spokesman said that under the proposed plan suggested by Ian Smith's government, it would take from 40 to 60 years for Blacks to reach equal representation with Whites in the Rhodesian Parliament.

EGYPT

The U.S. has appointed a professional spy as military attache to the U.S. Embassy in Egypt. Air Force Brigadier George E. Guay, 52, wil be the first U.S. military attache in Cairo since Egypt broke diplomatic relations with the U.S. in 1967. Guay's record shows that he has been in the U.S. espionage service since 1945, most of the time in France. In the '60s, he worked in liaison with the office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and attended the espionage school in the Pentagon.

O.A.U.

Foreign Ministers of the 42 member states of the organization of African Unity (OAU) opened talks last week in Mogadishu, capital of the Republic of Somalia, in one of the OAU's regular top level gatherings to discuss questions concerning the continental unity of Africa. This is the first major meeting of the OAU since the important coup in Portugal that has opened the way for the emergence of two new independent African states, Mozambique and Angola, and the final recognition of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, already a full member of the OAU.

-- 15 --

M.P.L.A. ADVANCES ON NORTHERN FRONT

(Dar es Salaam, Tanzania) - The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) has sent THE BLACK PANTHER its latest war communique, indicating the organization's continuing successful fight against the Portuguese colonialists.

The communique states:

"As announced in our war communique of 14 April, our fighting forces have been continuing their offensive on the Northern Front, Second Politico-Military Region (Cabinda District).

"On 26 April, between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., two enemy platoons which were attempting to break out of an encirclement in the Kituma - Maloangozau region were repeatedly attacked by our units. The enemy suffered 12 dead and several wounded who were evacuated by helicopter. An Angolan soldier in the Portuguese colonial army by the name of Costa Diogo gave himself up to our forces.

ENEMY DEFEATS

"The enemy troops, which have not yet recovered from the defeats they suffered in March and April, are continuing to react in a disorganized manner, bombing the areas where they believe our units to be, but as usual with no success.

"The continuance of armed action on all the combat fronts is the answer of the Angolan people's vanguard, the MPLA, which will not lay down its arms until the total independence of Angola is won."

-- 15 --

Z.A.N.L.A. GUERRILLAS WIN EIGHT MAJOR BATTLES

55 ENEMY FORCES KILLED, 100 WOUNDED

(Lusaka, Zambia) - A recent war communique from the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA), the military wing of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), states that ZANLA "dealt heavy blows on the enemy forces" between January 30 and March 20, of this year.

According to the communique received by THE BLACK PANTHER from East Africa. "ZANLA forces made eight successful operations, killing 55 enemy forces and wounding well over 100 enemy soldiers and supporters."

Details of the communique follow:

On February 13: "A locally established platoon of ZANLA forces launched a number of ambush and sabotage activities along the enemy's strategic Mikumbura-Salisbury highway in the Madziwa Tribal Trust Land …10 enemy soldiers were killed, several others immobilized (taken out of action) and two enemy carriers destroyed. In reprisal to this intensification of ZANLA activities in the area, the fascist troops rounded up over 200 villagers in the Musiwa village for allegedly supporting ZANLA forces established in the area. (The enemy strafed the Musiwa village, destroyed crops and confiscated cattle and goats."

On February 14: "In a heavy battle… in the Centenary area, ZANLA forces killed 15 enemy troops including Trooper Nigel Willis, a great nephew of former federal premier Sir Roy Welensky…"

On February 18: a ZANLA unit "…ambushed a section of enemy reinforcements that had been called into the Centenary area for rescue operations. In the engagement that ensued only six kilometers from where (Premier Ian) Smith was addressing a Boer (European) election gathering, five enemy troops were killed…"

On February 20: "ZANLA forces in the Sipolilo District carried out a successful rocket and mortar attack on an enemy camp east of Hunyani River. Six enemy troops were killed and two others seriously wounded. South African (White) troops… were among those killed. In a separate incident on the same day, an enemy land rover, carrying enemy puppet troops, detonated on a ZANLA laid landmine in the Chiweshe Tribal Trust Land linking two command posts…"

-- 15 --

MORE PAY FOR C.I.A.

(Saigon, S. Vietnam) - Pilots for Air America, the CIA's private air force, are complaining because they no longer receive the extra combat pay they used to get. They claim they have to still fly the same dangerous war missions they did before.

-- 16 --

O.A.U. LIBERATION COMMITTEE HEAD DISCUSSES SOUTHERN AFRICA STRUGGLE

Among the issues facing Africa and the international African community, none is more important than the liberation struggle in southern Africa. The OAU Liberation Committee has its headquarters in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where the Temporary Secretariat for the Sixth Pan African Congress is also located. In this conversation, the Congress Information Officer, Geri Stark, discusses the liberation struggle with Lt. Col. Hashim Mbita, the Executive Secretary of the OAU Liberation Committee.

STARK: The OAU states that it backs "the establishment of united fronts of action among the various liberation movements." Can you tell me about recent efforts in this direction?

MBITA: For the past few years, the Organization of African Unity has been working very hard through its Coordinating Committee for the liberation of Africa and its various institutions, as well as through efforts of individual heads of state and governments, to achieve unity among liberation movements in each country. These efforts are still going on, albeit with no spectacular results yet.

It will be remembered that during the Ninth Summit held in Rabat, vigorous efforts were made to reconcile the two liberation movements of Angola: MPLA and FNLA. These efforts were followed by the meeting held in Kinshasa in December 1972, where an agreement was signed between the two movements. The machinery to implement this agreement is still being worked out. Similar efforts have been made to reconcile ZANU and ZAPU of Zimbabwe and also to reconcile ANC and PAC of South Africa.

It should be noted, however, that to reconcile liberation movements is a process which needs patience, understanding and the generation of confidence among the parties concerned. These are not matters which can be solved by a stroke of the pen. They are matters for which all those wishing to see unity must work tirelessly, and nurse through all stages of growth to maturity.

STARK: We have noted, primarily through various African press sources, that the war in Mozambique seems to be intensifying. What, from your Committee's point of view, are the new developments in that arena of the struggle?

MBITA: Indeed, the war in Mozambique has been intensifying and I am very happy with the progress FRELIMO is making. The beginning of this year has seen an intensification of the war deep to the south. This development signifies the continued confidence that FRELIMO is enjoying among the people of Mozambique. We are positive these actions will tell on the enemy sooner than later.

In Zimbabwe, the situation is very encouraging and the nationalist forces are gaining ground. Actions which started towards the end of 1972 have been gathering momentum, and the minority regime led by rebel Ian Smith is being given no time to rest.

STARK: Britain's Sir Alec Douglas-Home paid official visits to several African states in February, and was greeted by vocal expressions of African dissatisfaction wherever he went. Also, a struggle is taking place in the U.S.A. between activist elements in the Black community, who want Rhodesian chrome and other products banned, and powerful sources in government and industry who want continued US-Rhodesia trade. Most important of all, the Zimbabwe liberation forces are increasingly on the move. Can you comment on the rapidly-developing political situation vis-a-vis Zimbabwe.

MBITA: The rapid political developments in Zimbabwe are a result of the successes that national liberation movements of that country are recording in the battlefield. As I said earlier, since December 1972 the liberation war in Zimbabwe has been gathering momentum. The rebel regime's efforts to crush. The nationalist forces have been to no avail.

As the struggle is bound to get harder, and knowing that the people of that country support the nationalist forces, the minority regime has of late started discussions in order to hoodwink the people of Zimbabwe. The official visit of the then British Foreign Minister to Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya must have been part of the efforts of sounding African feelings on this issue.

But a positive stand was taken by all those governments to tell the British government that there could be no settlement on the Rhodesian issue short of majority rule. The British government has a legal and moral duty to see that the people of Zimbabwe, like their brothers in other former British colonies, have a right to self-determination and independence.

This right has been usurped by a rebellious minority which, in defiance of world public opinion, has placed in detention African leaders who command the respect of and represent views of the majority of the people of Zimbabwe (Nkomo, Sithole, etc.). Certainly if a peaceful solution is to be reached, then it is necessary to associate fully those who have the mandate to speak for the majority.

STARK: Strategies for increasing the concrete base of support for the liberation movements in the rest of Africa, and among African people outside Africa, will be the key to the discussions of the Sixth Pan African Congress. Your own Committee works tirelessly to enlist and encourage African states' support for the liberation movements. What kind of concrete support should be expected from the international African community?

MBITA: The African liberation struggle to me is a struggle of the African people as a whole. It is true that when one looks at Africa, one can name countries which are still under foreign and colonial domination, and hence identified with the struggle. But this is looking at the tip of an icebergy.

History has recorded that of all the people of the world, Africans have been the most humiliated, disregarded, dehumanized and exploited. The fact that we talk of independent African states and dependent countries only confirms the global nature of the African liberation struggle. We were humiliated and exploited as Africans, so we must come out of this as Africans.

Hence, in considering what kind of concrete support one would wish to see from the international African community, I think one should first understand the underlying facts. I, for one, would say that before thinking of giving any support, the international African community should understand that the African liberation struggle is a struggle for the restoration of African dignity.

I know that when one talks of concrete support, more often than not one thinks of material support. Certainly this is needed, and will continue to be needed. However, the most important support I would wish to see is the identification with and physical involvement of the international African community with the struggle. They should be active participants, not passive observers or be content to act as a chemical catalyst.

The Sixth Pan African Congress will do great service to the African liberation struggle by looking into this question of increasing the concrete base of support, and examining how we can harness the resources of the international African community in support of the liberation struggle.

STARK: Recent reports indicate an increase in student protests and labor strikes in South Africa and Namibia. What does this mean within the context of the liberation struggle there?

MBITA: These protests and strikes are indications of the people's growing awareness of their rights. As is well known, the South African racist government

-- 18 --
has all along applied brutal measures to keep the African people in those countries in constant fear. The fact that they now come out into the open against the authorities to demand their rights is significant. It shows that in no circumstances can a people be denied their rights -- be it by force or otherwise -- without their reacting.

The South African regime, for the past eleven years since the Sharpeville and Langa massacres, has instituted legislation that has made life for Africans almost impossible. Africans have been left with no avenue to demand their rights.

But despite all that, and knowing the kind of punishment that would be meted to them after protests or strike action, Africans have decided to face the consequences. This shows that the indigenous people of South Africa will not accept being trodden under anymore, whatever the price.

STARK: It is now more than a year since the assassination of Amilcar Cabral, leader of the PAIGC. As you see it, what have been the solid gains of the people of Guinea-Bissau despite Cabral's death?

MBITA: You know that under the direction of the PAIGC the people of Guinea-Bissau were able to proclaim the existence of the State of Guinea-Bissau in September last year. This new state has been recognized by more than 76 countries and last November, during an Extraordinary Session of the OAU Council of Ministers, Guinea-Bissau was admitted as the 42nd member of that Organization.

This is only one aspect of the soid gains of the people of Guinea-Bissau, there are others, too, which are of great importance. What results did the Portuguese and their imperialist allies expect from the assassination of that great African leader, Amilcar Cabral? I am sure their main target was to create a state of confusion within PAIGC, to generate an atmosphere of despair, and to divert the attention of the militants from the fighting.

Did the Portuguese achieve anything in that direction? No, certainly not. To begin with, the Party (PAIGC) immediately recognized the imperialist tactics and calmly reorganized itself to be able to deal with the enemy severely. This was done, and the months that followed saw PAIGC able to record victory after victory, both in the battlefield and in the political sphere.

These victories enabled the Party to carry out all the plans which the late Comrade Amilcar Cabral, as Secretary General of the Party, had left -- the most important being the proclamation of the State of Guinea-Bissau. Very recently, the forces of occupation in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau have been pushed to urban centers.

The nationalist forces are now operating on the outskirts of the city of Bissau itself. The assassination of Cabral has forced the militants of PAIGC and the people of Guinea-Bissau to step up the pace of struggle as the only tribute befitting Cabral.

-- 17 --

DOMINICAN POLITICAL PRISONERS ON HUNGER STIKE

(Joaquin, Dominican Republic) -- Political prisoners in the Dominican Republic bagan a hunger strike on April 30. The following day hundreds of person occupied churches in towns and cities throughout the country in solidarity with the prisoners.

The prisoners demanded their unconditional liberty and the right of return for thousands of Dominicans exiled by the repressive Balaguer government, reports the Action Letter, the bulletin of the U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin American Political Prisoners (USLA). Joaquin Balaguer was "re-elected" on May 16.

About 300 prisoners participated in the strike in jails and prisons throughout the country. Many common prisoners also joined in the protest. Observers feared that the government was considering violent retaliation against the strikers, all of whom were imprisoned because of their opposition to the policies of U.S. economic and political domination over their country. More than 150 prisoners at the central penitentiary of La Victoria were removed to a part of the prison known as "Death Passage" -- a filthy dungeon-like area which has been the scene of vicious and sometimes fatal beatings.

CHURCHES RAIDED

Police raided several churches occupied by supporters of the prisoners, using tear gas to force them out. Over 100 churches throughout the country remained occupied.

Many political prisoners have not been released after their sentences expired. Among these are four leaders of the MPD (Popular Dominican Movement) who were arrested in 1970: Fafa Taveras, Edgar Erichson. Julio de Pena Valdez, and Ingeniero Baez.

Although it initially refused, the government finally permitted family members to visit the prisoners and allowed emergency medical treatment to be given to the hunger strikers, many of whom had already fainted.

Freedom for political prisoners and return of the exiles was the chief demand of Balaguer's opposition in the electoral campaign. The campaign has been a bloody one, with several persons

-- 20 --
on both sides killed and scores wounded.

The principal opposition alliance in the campaign, generally known as the "agreement of Santiago," warned the government that it would seriously consider withdrawing its candidates from the election if the demand for amnesty is not met.

On Sunday, April 28, over 80,000 Dominicans gathered in the capital in a massive demonstration against the repressive government of Joaquin Balaguer. In addition to demanding freedom for the political prisoners and return of the exiles, the demonstrators protested against the apperance of the "Guardia Roja" (Red Guard) -- the Balaguerista's own death squad.

-- 17 --

FRELIMO, PORTUGAL TALKS ADJOURN UNTIL NEXT MONTH

(Lusaka, Zambia) - The first negotiations between Portugal and FRELIMO, the Mozambique Liberation Front, adjourned abruptly after two days without a ceasefire but with an agreement "in principle" to resume talks next month, writes Henry Kamm in The New York Times.

"The Portuguese government was prepared to negotiate a cease-fire," said the new Foreign Minister Mario Soares before boarding a commercial plane for home. "But we understand that the FRELIMO delegation makes a cease-fire conditional on a general political agreement."

Asked if any progress toward peace had been made in the two days of meetings, Mr. Soares, looking tired, according to Kamm, said: "We had an opportunity to learn better the position of FRELIMO. I am able to transmit this to the Portuguese government. In that sense we made progress."

In a communique made public at a joint ceremony presided over by their host, President Kenneth D. Kaunda of Zambia, the fundamental difference of positions was indicated in mild but significant language.

"The two delegations recognized that the establishment of a cease-fire depends on a prior global agreement related to fundamental political principles," the communique declared. "After the general analysis of the problems in discussion, the Portuguese delegation considered it necessary to consult its government."

Tired or not, Portuguese Foreign Minister Soares must head back to London and resume talks begun two weeks ago with the representatives of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands (PAIGC), which also were adjourned without concluding a cease-fire as the Portuguese expected.

In both cases of Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, the representatives of the African people are demanding of Portugal that it recognize a political reality: colonialism is dead. The independence of the territories and the orderly handing over of power are the only subjects of discussion between the true representatives of the African people and the Foreign Minister of Portugal.

Meanwhile in Angola, the third and largest African territory held by Portugal, the Portuguese military command has reportedly ordered a halt to all offensive operations against the African liberation movement troops, according to The Manchester Guardian Weekly.

General Franco Pinheiro, who commands the 50,000 Portuguese troops in Angola, is said to have made the move in an effort to persuade the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) to lay down its arms.

The general said recently in an interview from the Angolan capital, Luanda, that he was not

-- 20 --
ordering a unilateral ceasefire. Portuguese troops would continue "defensive" operations. The announcement was made as the Portuguese Minister for Inter-Territorial Affairs, Almeida Santos, was about to begin a tour of Angola and Mozambique.

Santos, described as a socialist lawyer from the Mozambique capital of Lourenco Marques, said that "outright independence" was a possibility for Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau. The Manchester Guardian Weekly writes: "It is a possibility that seems remote in the case of Angola where huge investment is beginning to reap large profits for Portuguese and international companies from exports of coffee, sugar, oil and diamonds."

-- 18 --

PANAMANIAN LAWYERS BLAST CANAL ZONE COLONIALISM

(Panama City, Panama) - Charging that U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's "new dialogue" approach with Latin America is only "new rhetoric," five Panamanian lawyers have strongly assailed the recent joint U.S.-Panama declaration regarding control of the Panama Canal Zone.

The declaration, eight principles of basic agreement intended to guide future canal treaty negotiations, was signed here on February 7 by Kissinger and Panama's Foreign Minister, Juan Antonio Tack.

Rejecting the plan, the five lawyers, whose political views range from socialist to conservative, have presented Panamanian head of state, General Omar Torrijos, a detailed analysis condemning the U.S. "neo-colonialist" presence.

BASIC COLONIALISM

Specifically, the lawyers charged that Kissinger has done "nothing more than to repeat the basic pretentions of colonialism in Panama; to assure and legitimize the U.S. military presence in Panama; and deprive the Republic of Panama of its legitimate right to construct, manage, and profit by itself alone from any new canal."

In addition, the five claim that the new agreement contains nothing new and that, in 1973, Panama had rejected an earlier version of eight points similar to the present ones.

Although the eight-point agreement says a new treaty would have a fixed termination date -- the 1903 treaty gave the U.S. jurisdiction over the canal "in perpetuity" -- Panama is pledged to grant the U.S. space facilities for military construction. The declaration also grants the U.S. permission to expand the canal or even dig a new canal, if needed.

Contrary to this plan, the five lawyers urged the government to "clearly proclaim and fight for:

-- "The recovery of the present canal.

-- "The right of the Panamanian state to build, manage and profit from any new canal.

-- "The emancipation from its territory of foreign bases.

-- "The neutrality of the canal and any new canal.

-- "Total and sole jurisdiction by the Panamanian state over the territory known as the Canal Zone."

-- 18 --

WORLD SCOPE

VIETNAM

(Paris, France) - South Vietnam's Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) has announced the establishment of a permanent mission in France. This is the first time a PRG mission has been accepted at this level by any Western country.

BELGIUM

(Namur, Belgium) - The huge amount of profits made by meat distribution companies has been revealed here by a Belgian revolutionary organization which has successfully sold meat directly to consumers. The Peasants' Youth Alliance (JAP) held the first of these operations here May 25, in the central market place and was able to sell meat up to 50 per cent cheaper than the regular price. Before their meat was sold out, the JAP was forced out of the market place by the police for "not having a retail sales permit" and for "not respecting hygiene regulations."

CENTRAL AMERICA

(Central America) - The jobs of at least 100,000 banana workers in five Central American countries are in jeopardy as the result of an economic war over the price of bananas being waged by three U.S. fruit companies who, since March, have refused to pay a dollar-per-crate tax on bananas. The countries of Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama are demanding the tax. The fruit companies -- United Fruit, Standard Brands and Del Monte -- have temporarily terminated their banana exports, claiming that the tax is illegal, and uneconomic."

CHILE

(Santiago, Chile) - Portugal has become the third western European country to remove its ambassador from this junta-ruled country. The Portuguese regime of General Antonio de Spinola ordered its ambassador to return home on May 27, without giving any explanation. Italy has never recognized the Chilean junta and Sweden has not had an ambassador in the country since Ambassador Harold Edelstam was expelled as persona non grata last December for his outspoken defense of Chilean political refugees.

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ENTERTAINMENT: YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND

If you took the time

to pay the dues

Of the ones that you hate

and wear their shoes
If you had to pay,

I know you'd understand

The price is real high

just to be a man
YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND
If you had to live the way we do

Fight for respect

and take unjust abuse

If you lived in the ghetto,

a one room kitchenette

You couldn't buy much food,

with just enough for rent

YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND
I try real hard,

graduated from your school

But I learned more in the street,

so I aint nobody's fool

I look every where

for a job with pay

But the man keeps telling me,

we're not hiring today

YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND
Now there's a game

our children have to play

We call it survival

from day to day

We must overcome,

our time is now

We might make mistakes,

til we find out how

YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND
There might be some,

who want to help

Just give us a chance,

we can do it ourself

If you can't hear me,

I'll say it loud

I'm proud to be Black,

I'm Black and proud

YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND --

Vivian (Mama Love) Patterson

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-- 19 --

BLACK MUSICIANS GROUP CHARGES SAN FRANCISCO SYMPHONY WITH RACISM

(San Francisco, Calif.) - The National Association of Negro Musicians (NANM) has charged the San Francisco Symphony with racism in its refusal to renew the contracts of Black tympanist Elayne Jones and Japan-born bassonist, Ryohei Nakagawa, and is threatening legal action.

The charge was made here last week by William Duncan Allen the Association's Golden Gate Chapter president and a prominent musician for 20 years in this city. At a press conference at the offices of the San Francisco Black weekly. Sun Reporter, Mr. Allen was joined by Theodore Charles Stone, national president of the NANM and Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett, Sun Reporter publisher.

The decision not to renew the two contracts was made by the seven-member Players' Committee which must give a probationary player a rating for ability before the contract can be renewed.

Mr. Allen told the press conference: "That committee is all White, all male and none of them are of the first rank themselves. If it isn't union politics or professional jealousy, then it must be in some subtle way racism."

Mr. Allen, who directs the Bay Area's highly esteemed Junior Bach Festival, noted that he has had "the privilege of working" with Miss Jones, "so I know it wasn't on the basis of any lack of ability that she was let go." Elayne Jones, an internationally known tympanist, is generally considered to be one of the finest tympanists in the world.

A spokesman for the San Francisco Symphony management claimed that the management had no part in the decision and would have no comment on the decision. In an attempt to counter the charge of racism the spokesman is quoted as having said: "We have had a number of Black artists and composers featured in our programs over the years…the charges are just not true."

However, Mr. Allen pointed out that the San Francisco Symphony has never performed a composition by a Black composer in a regular series, while at the same time the Oakland Youth Symphony has found "enough worthy Black composers…for an entire program."

Mr. Allen also pointed out that the San Francisco Opera and musical institutions in Oakland have a much better record than the San Francisco Symphony in terms of greater opportunities for minority performers and composers.

Dr. Goodlett, a supporter of the San Francisco Symphony Foundation, said he would take part in any legal action taken under the federal and state fair employment statutes. Mr. Stone traveled here from Chicago to discuss legal action with the Bay Area chapter of the NANM.

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SPORTS: “DISCRIMINATION: THE CASE OF BASEBALL”

The following article, written by Thomas Foley of the Los Angeles Times, appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle in late May. In view of the continuing commentaries on racism in big-time sports that appear on this page, our readers will certainly be interested in this report on a Brookings Institute study on racism in professional baseball.

(Washington, D.C.) - Despite their high salaries, Black major league baseball players are victims of subtle but systematic racial discrimination, according to a Brookings Institution study.

The study says Black players consistently out-perform White players and receive generally higher salaries. But it also says that among players of equal ability, the Whites will receive more than the Blacks.

Author of the study, "Discrimination: The Case of Baseball," is Dr. Gerald W. Scully, a professor at Southern Methodist University and an economist specializing in labor statistics.

Scully traces the history of Black players' efforts to break baseball's 100 - year color line and the gradual changes since Branch Rickey hired Jackie Robinson in the early postwar period.

With the help of a number of outside studies as well as his own statistics and equations, Scully concludes that:

- White fans, players and owners have demonstrated prejudice against Blacks even though baseball has always been the "national pastime."

- The National League has consistently had a higher percentage of Black players than the American League.

- Blacks outperform Whites by a wider margin in positions where Blacks have been most excluded. There are more Black outfielders than infielders and fewer Black pitchers and catchers.

- There are no Black managers and only a few Black coaches.

- The gaps in salaries and positions are slowly closing.

Scully says the only way to document fan discrimination is to measure whether people stay away from a game because a Black is scheduled to pitch. He says his statistical study, taking into account all such variables as weather and won-and-lost records, indicated fewer fans showed up when a Black pitcher was scheduled.

The author theorizes that more Blacks were outfielders because they did not have the benefit, while teenagers, of the superior coaching needed to perform in the infield or the battery.

The author says his equations for each racial group showed salary discrimination against Black outfielders and infielders bu