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FEDERAL SUIT FILED: DAVID HILLIARD CHALLENGES ALL-WHITE JURIES

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Editorial: ISRAELI AGGRESSION

In June, 1967, Israel screamed that Egypt launched the attack that began that six-day war. However, when the infamous deed was done and Israeli troops stood firmly on Egypt's Sinai and Syria's Golan Heights, Israel freely admitted that the initial attack was launched by Israeli forces. The aggression was justified with the claim that Egypt and Syria were about to launch an attack on Israel.

Again, this week, Israel claims Egypt and Syria struck first.

However, first reports of fighting came from Egypt at least two hours before the Egyptian crossing of the Canal. Those reports said Israeli air strikes had begun on the Red Sea resort town of Ain Sukhna, 30 miles south of the southern end of the Suez Canal.

Further, the attack came as Egyptians, Syrians and Moslems throughout the world are celebrating the "Holy Month of Ramadan", 30 days of total abstinence of food or liquid from sun-rise to sun-set, a required religious act of purification. In Moslem countries such as Egypt and Syria, the entire machinery of state operates at about half capacity during these 30 days.

Throughout the history of the Middle East conflict, the Zionists before 1948 and the Israelis since, have in every major instance of military confrontation, been the aggressors. The ever expanding map of Israel is the clearest evidence of this fact. (See Map page 14). Before 1948, it was the military /terrorist units of the Jewish Brigade, the Haganah and the Irgun and Stern gangs. Since 1948, it has been the Israeli Army.

The current aggression can best be explained as an Israeli attempt to regain support and sympathy from the nations of the world. With the exception of the U.S.A., world wide disenchantment with Israel has grown by leaps and bounds in recent years. The decision by Austria two weeks ago to close the center for Israeli immigrants in that country is the most recent expression of this trend. The repeated condemnations of the Israeli government by the United Nations and the clearly pro-Arab stance of the Algiers Non-Aligned Nations conference last month are the most dramatic.

This disenchantment arises out of Israel's adamant and arrogant refusal to withdraw from Egyptian and Syrian territories seized in the 1967 "blitzkreig", as demanded by the unanimous vote of the United Nations Security Council in its resolution of November 22, 1967. There is no other path to peace in the Middle East. The Arab peoples have no choice but to defend their territories from further usurpation.

SEE MAP PAGE 14

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Editorial

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

We apologize for having taken so long to get around to writing this letter of appreciation, but things are still rather hectic in the aftermath of the Gainesville 8 trial. We are much indebted to your extensive and continual coverage of VVAW/WSO and the trial in Gainesville. We feel that getting the truth about the case out to the American public was essential to our victory and the defeat of the administration. Your newspaper has been very generous in its cover age of the case and for this, we thank you very much.

We have been following the case of David Hilliard with much interest and would like to take this opportunity to offer our complete solidarity with David. We would hope that his freedom will be a reality soon. In these days when political repression has become a way of life, it is important that all people and organizatons that are suffering under the government's persecution become friends and unite to fight back. It is much to our advantage that the administration has not yet come to understand that the repression that we face only serves to make us stronger and fosters a spirit of solidarity. If there is anything that we can do to help David achieve his freedom, please let us know. We are open to any and all suggestions.

Again, we wish to thank you for all your help. Our victory may have been harder to achieve without your support. Because we are living in a time of "enemies" to the White House, we feel that it is important that all "enemies" get to know one another better.

In Struggle,
Marla Watson
For the National Collective
Vietnam Veterans Against the War,
Winter Soldier Organization, Inc.
Chicago, Illinois

Brothers and Sisters of The Black Panther Party.

First of all l'd like you to know that the Brothers of Italy and Europe support the Party to the man! I look at all revolutionary organizations and see yours as doing the most for Black and poor people.

Before I came into the Army I thought racism was something you only read about, or only happened in Mississippi. I didn't figure it could happen to me. (It was happening to me all the time, but I was too blind to see what was going down. My mind was still chained.)

But since I've been overseas and run into some heavy Brothers who helped get my mind together, I can't believe what I see. The "man" gives out bad discharges to Blacks over here like he puts us in jails back in the world…

I got a B.P.P. paper today and when I read that article about Jonathan Jackson I shed a tear; not a tear of sorrow. It was a tear of anger, a revolutionary tear, a 400-year-old tear coming not from the body but from the soul. I close this letter because it's too long already, by saying. "Power to George and Jonathan Jackson who died revolutionary deaths, and to all the Brothers who died at Attica."

All Power to the People, Bro. Kenneth Mitchell Vicenza, Italy

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THE GLASS HOUSE TAPES: BY THE C.R.I.C. AND LOUIS E. TACKWOOD

The Glass House Tapes is the story of U.S. secret police in operation in Los Angeles, California, Louis Tackwood, Black ex-agent provocateur reveals the behind the scenes activities and totalitarian methods employed against people's movements.

This excerpt describes the initial meeting between Tackwood and the Citizen's Research and Investigating Committee (CRIC) which recorded his story.

PART 3

Marilyn Katz stood waiting in front of the Union Bank across the street from the Wiltern theatre, her rendezvous point with Tackwood. The marquee announced some obscure horror flick, but the line was filled with people escaping the heat and boredom of the day.

Where the hell are they, she wondered. They're half an hour late now! I wonder if it's a set-up? She had dressed inconspicuously for the meeting, changing from her usual costume of faded jeans and shirt to the uniform of the secretaries of the world -- a minidress, stockings, et al. She wanted to look no different than the hundreds of other women passing that corner, hurrying back from lunch to their typewriters. Yet being the only stationary person on the corner for an hour, she began to feel the loss of anonymity.

If they don't show up soon, I'm going to split. If we're going to deal with informers, and intelligence work, we had better become more proficient or we'll all end up in jail.

Peering through her sunglasses she noticed two men near the waiting theatre line. The smaller White guy walked away, leaving the taller, thin Black man alone on the corner. Clad in bright purple pants and shirt, holding a small dog in his arms, he stood out among the passing crowd. The young, long-haired one returned and the two resumed their vigil.

They look almost as ridiculous as I do, she thought; they must be the ones. She crossed the street still trying to determine whether the slender, pensive Black man fondling the Pekinese could possibly be the secret agent. He had a short afro and a mustache. He wore a long-sleeved shirt, open at the neck, sleeves rolled above the elbows, and his shirt tails hung out concealing his belt.

Well, I suppose I look no more like a "dangerous revolutionary" then he looks like a "double-agent." "Are you the people I'm to meet?" she asked hesitantly. Their laughter answered the question.

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"I'm Tackwood," said the young Black guy, "and this is Mike."

"I'm Myra Jost, we're late. Let's go." She turned to thank Mike and ushered Tackwood to the little green Fiat conveniently parked on the corner for what was to have been a speedy take-off. She had given Tackwood a false name to make it more difficult for the police to learn her identity in case the whole meeting had been an entrapment.

Driving towards Santa Monica, she once again felt in control. No tail, no trouble, she thought scanning the street through the rear view mirror. "Next time we ought to get our directions together. I was on that corner for an hour. I thought you had been ripped off," Katz said, laughing.

"We were waiting that long in our car," Tackwood said. "You weren't supposed to be on foot. It's okay though. I Picked that corner so I could check out the area. Lots of traffic; you can see who's coming from all four directions, too. C.C.S. uses all kinds of cars that look just like everyone else's. But I know them all. I checked it out, they weren't around. We did all right."

"C.C.S., what's that?"

"Criminal Conspiracy Section of the L.A.P.D. Those are the mad dogs who set up Angela, the Panthers - all the militants. They're in charge of all the militants. They've got a room on the eight floor of the Glass House with files and pictures of all radicals -brothers, brown militants and White boys, too. It's a top secret place where they keep information on everyone. You even need a special pass to get in."

"Files on people in Los Angeles?"

"No, they got files on people all over the country. C.C.S. is a super-police agency. They can go anywhere. Tell you what - I'll take you up there sometime."

"How can you do that, if it's under such right security?"

"Hey, I'm one of their most trusted men. I'll just tell them you're my new old lady. They won't say nothing."

TO BE CONTINUED NEXT WEEK

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FEDERAL SUIT FILED: DAVID HILLIARD CHALLENGES ALL-WHITE JURIES

(San Francisco, Calif.) - David Hilliard, leading member of the Black Panther Party, has entered a suit in U.S. District Court here challenging the constitutionality of his conviction and imprisonment. He is charging systematic and willful exclusion of Blacks from the Grand Jury that indicted him and the trial jury that convicted him, violating his 14th Amendment rights for equal protection and due process of the law.

Charles Garry, attorney for the Black Panther Party, entered the suit on October 1st, on behalf of David Hilliard. David is presently imprisoned at Vacaville (Medical Facility) Prison, at Vacaville, California. He was tried and convicted on June 12th, 1971, of assault with a deadly weapon by an all-White jury in Alameda County, despite the failure of the prosecution to produce the deadly weapon and the presentation of evidence placing David elsewhere at the time of the alleged assault.

The suit challenges the Alameda County grand jury selection system which produced the 1968 Grand Jury that indicted David, and argues that that system is incapable of being administered in a constitutional manner since the process was not designed to nor does it produce a grand jury panel representative of a cross-section of the community.

BLACKS EXCLUDED

The suit further charges that David's confinement and detention are lawless and illegal on the ground that the prosecution systematically excluded, by peremptory challenge, all potential Black jurors from the trial juries of David and four co-defendants separately tried on the same indictment. The four co-defendants, Charles Bursey, Donnel Lankford, Terry Cotton and Warren Wells, are also Black.

"The systematic exclusion of all twenty-three potential Black jurors in the aforesaid trials by the prosecutor through his abuse of the right of peremptory challenges", the suit charges, "contravened petitioner's (David's) rights to a trial by jury, to due process and to equal protection of the laws."

The prosecution's deliberate intent to systematically exclude all Black persons as potential jurors from the several juries is supported by Robert Kroll, reporter for the newspaper Berkeley Gazette. In an affidavit submitted with the suit Kroll provides indisputable evidence that the Alameda County District Attorney's office conspired to siphon Black jurors onto other juries and thereby reduce the pool of Blacks for prospective juries in trials under David's indictment.

In this sworn affidavit Kroll recounts conversations he had in August, 1969, with then Deputy District Attorney of Alameda County, Richard Stone. Stone told Kroll that during the selection of the jury at the trial resulting in the conviction of Warren Wells, a co-defendant of David Hilliard, a number of other Deputy District Attorneys agreed "to help and assist Deputy District Attorney Frank Vukota (prosecutor in the case) obtain a conviction" of Wells by siphoning off Blacks onto their juries sharply reducing the number available from the pool for the Wells jury.

This conspiracy, together with the abusive use by prosecutor Vukota of premptory challenges against all 28 Black potential jurors remaining, resulted in no Blacks sitting on any of the four juries that convicted David Hilliard or his four co-defendants. David, Charles Bursey, and Warren Wells were each tried separately. Donnel Lankford and Terry Cotton were tried together.

Finally, the suit provides as further evidence of the deliberate, intentional and systematic exclusion of all Black jurors by prosecutor Frank Vukota, the order of a mistrial in an earlier case for which Vukota was the prosecuting attorney. The mistrial was ordered by Alameda County Superior Court Judge George W. Phillips, Jr. on January 26, 1972, in the case of five Black defendants convicted based on Vukota's abuse of the peremptory challenge to exclude all potential Black jurors.

Judge Phillips wrote: "The Court is faced with the question whether there was intent on the part of the Deputy District Attorney to exclude non-Whites as a class from this jury… The facts and circumstances here are such as to logically and reasonably lead to the inference of a conscious intent on the part of the Deputy District

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Attorney to exclude non-Whites as a group or category from the jury. The court so finds."

David Hilliard's conviction in June, 1971, came at the height of the most intense, clandestine activity of the Gemstone/Watergate conspirators. THE BLACK PANTHER has provided evidence of the connection between the harassments, convictions and attempted convictions of leaders and members of the Black Panther Party and the White House directed conspirators. (THE BLACK PANTHER, September 1, 1972).

The deliberate and systematic exclusion of Black persons from the grand jury and the trial juries of David and his co-defendants, was the one guarantee of conviction in the heat of the racist assaults against the Black Panther Party and the Black community of this period.

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WILL POLICE PATROL OAKLAND SCHOOLS?

(Oakland, Calif.) - From all indications, the upcoming confrontation between large numbers of infuriated Oakland parents and an adamant Oakland School Board looms as a major battle over actually who controls Oakland's schools. It will be a battle which brings to the forefront the question of whether or not school corridors are an appropriate place for police patrols.

At issue is the new, omnious program Oakland's school administrators have decided to implement; the $1.5 million "Coordinated Interagency Action Program for the Reduction of Truancy, Vandalism and Violence in Select Urban Schools (C.I.A.)". Although the program is only a few steps away from receiving over $255, 000 as an initial installment from the California Council on Criminal Justice, vehement community protest on October 9th, led by the Coalition to Save Our Schools, hopes to stall any funding at all until an open and public meeting can take place.

The initial ideas to implement CIA came from an Alameda County Grand Jury study on problems within the Oakland Unified School District. This too is a part of the community protest; local leaders pointing to the contradiction of an all-White, non-Oakland based grand jury sitting in judgement of a school district with an over 65% Black student enrollment.

As expected, the grand jury, after documenting the "evidence", issued a scathing report on the conditions within Oakland's schools, placing racist emphasis on the "deficiencies" of the students and their parents. "Law and

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order", the grand jury report screamed, "what we need is law and order". CIA is the result.

Under the CIA program, the reduction of admittedly high rates of truancy, vandalism and violence is seemingly to be crushed, by an onslaught of police and police-types entering Oakland's junior and senior high schools. Twelve possible schools for these police patrols have already been chosen, with seven to be singled out as the actual target areas. Police agencies involved will be the Oakland Police Department, Alameda County Probation Department, the California Youth Authority and the Alameda County Juvenile Courts.

According to CIA's funding proposal, included in this effort to "stamp out" school violence, are: a Safety Director as the overall program coordinator; 7 safety Coordinators, one assigned to each school to direct operations there; 49 Campus Control Personnel, seven at each school for on-the-spot police work; a Coordinator of Attendance and Discipline in charge of truancy reduction; 49 Attendance Workers, to provide "direct services" to truant students, including home visits.

"DIRECT SUPERVISION"

In addition: 7 Counselors will give "direct supervision" to the Attendance Workers; 7 Activity Workers, to "coordinate special programs" for students with "attendance and/or behavioral problems"; 21 Attendance Clerks, to keep accurate records; 3 Pupil Personnel Specialists for "psychological counseling", and 7 new Vice-Principals to "coordinate the truancy and discipline team" at each school.

Other features of the CIA proposal which have Oakland's Black community in an uproar are: (1) Police records which will be kept on all students, whether they have committed a crime or not; (2) Students who will be subject to arrest and jailing for something as minor as missing a class or stopping to talk to friends in the hall; (3) Junior and Senior High School students who will be forced to carry picture I.D. cards. They can be detained by the police if they do not have the cards in their possession at all times while on school grounds.

Nowhere is there the mention that improved facilities, improved teaching methods, concerned teachers, and subject matter that relates to the students' experience and life style would solve the problem.

(Next week THE BLACK PANTHER will publish the result of the October 9th School Board meeting and disclose more of CIA's plans for our youth.)

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AFRICAN SOLIDARITY CONFERENCE IGNORES DAY TO DAY ISSUES

(Chicago, Ill.) - A call to Afro-Americans to participate in a "National Anti-Imperialist Conference in Solidarity with African Liberation" being held here on October 19 to 21, has emerged in recent weeks. The origins of the call are not indicated. But it boasts an impressive list of sponsors from around the country.

The pre-conference literature lists a five-point "critical agenda" which embodies the conference objectives. They are: to affirm support to self-determination and freedom for the peoples of Africa under colonial or White minority, racist rule; to call for support to United Nations decolonization resolutions; to demand withdrawal of U.S. investments in colonial and minority ruled Africa and Israel and oppose U.S. tax monies to expand military assistance abroad; to support efforts at African unity and to encourage Afro-Americans to join the worldwide anti-apartheid movement.

Admirable demands. But, strikingly absent are proposed actions aimed at organizing and unifying Black people around those very critical issues affecting their day-to-day survival. These include unemployment, underemployment and racist barriers to on-the-job upgrading; welfare cuts and fascist, slave labor schemes for America's poor; revelations of the arrogant use of fascist methods of electronic surveillance, breaking and entering, false and scurrilous slander and agent provocateur tactics by the highest echelons of government; the renewal and propagation of racist ideologies and many, many more.

OUR COMMON ENEMY

Our African brothers and sisters in struggle understand that the position of Black Americans "inside the belly of the whale" of U.S. imperialism places us in a particularly advantageous relationship to our common enemy. They understand that every blow we strike for our freedom seriously weakens and undermines the ability of U.S. imperialism to carry out its schemes in Africa and the world. They understand that if we really take care of business at home, we will make their tasks easier and hasten the day of our joint liberation.

The conference brochure declares: "Black people here share a common enemy with Africa -- U.S. imperialism. To meet the stepped-up offensive of imperialism we need a united, mass, on - going movement -- a people's movement, an anti-imperialist movement." With this declaration the Black Panther Party is in complete agreement. However, while at all times hailing, supporting and publicizing the wide-ranging, militant struggles of the peoples of Africa for liberation, the Black Panther Party understands that its first task, as a vanguard organization of Black people in America, is to carry forward, intensify and widen the struggle against the U.S. empire makers here at home!

The mysterious initiators of the proposed "National Anti-Imperialist Conference in Solidarity with Africa" appear to be content to ignore the pressing need in America today to organize and build a movement around the widespread suffering and violations of fundamental democratic and human rights that characterizes the U.S. today. By so doing they serve the best interests of their professed enemy -- the U.S. empire makers -- and delay the day of liberation of Afro-American, African and oppressed peoples everywhere.

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RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT UPHELD

(Sacramento, Calif.) - Last week the California Supreme Court unanimously upheld the legality of residency requirements for all city employees in the state's 75 chartered cities, including Oakland. This landmark decision now puts the weight of the law upon the Oakland City Council to adhere to its already adopted City regulation (Civil Service Rule, 4, Section 4.03) requiring all city employees to be residents.

It was only this past March that Ms. Elaine Brown, then a candidate for the District 2 Council seat, demanded implementation of a residency requirement for Oakland's firemen and policemen, 70% of whom are non-residents. At that time the City Council hedged and stalled in confronting the issue, referring the matter to the City Attorney. However, now, in light of this State Supreme Court ruling, the City Council must either immediately act to enforce this regulation or stand in open and blatant contempt of the law.

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GEORGIA RACISM: BLACK MAN MURDERED FOR ALLEGED PEEPING

(Camden County, Georgia) - A former Black mental patient was shot and killed on an untravelled marshland road in South Georgia by a White deputy sheriff and state trooper because a white woman claimed that she saw "this Nigra man" peeking in her window.

In an article last month, the Atlanta Voice reported that Sylvester Lester, 37, of Fernandina Beach, Florida, was shot four times while in a large clump of marshland grass. He was carrying only a stick. State Trooper B.E. Buckley and Deputy C. J. LeBlanc claimed that he gave them the "impression" that he held a gun.

The reported chain of events which led to the murder of Lester began near the home of a White woman named Mrs. Barzell. She reported to the sheriff that a "Nigra" had been peeking in her window. Deputy LeBlanc and Trooper Buckley responded to the call. When they arrived they chased Lester down a road and subsequently into a marsh area of Crooked River in South Georgia.

The White men pursued the Black man into the wooded area, shouting at him and firing at the same time. They shot him four times with their .357 magnum revolvers, and later claimed that he had raised the stick at them. When they came upon the fallen Black man they found under his body a piece of root about eight inches long.

Lester was known by Blacks in Fernandina Beach to carry a stick to rid his way of high bushes, and keep dogs away.

The Georgia Department of Investigation is supposedly conducting an inquiry into the shooting death. But as usual nothing is expected to result from the inquiry. It appears to be another case of the modern-day lynching of Blacks by Whites which goes on and on …but will be stopped!

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NEW “LAW AND ORDER” BID ATTACKS BILL OF RIGHTS

(Washington, D.C.) - A new bill which has been called "the most outspoken attack on the Bill of Rights in our history" is now before Congress. Titled the Criminal Code Reform Act of 1973, the bill was drafted in major part by the office of former Attorney General John Mitchell.

If Nixon has his way and the legislation is enacted, an unprecedented era of repression will be ushered in under the slogan, "law and order". The Criminal Code Reform Act of 1973 H.R. 6046 in the House of Representatves and S. 1400 in the Senate, was introduced in Congress on March 27th. The following provisions have been excerpted from the bill:

Section 1103 nullifies two Supreme Court decisions by making the death penalty mandatory for certain crimes in certain conditions, without appellate review, and revives the Smith Act. The new Smith Act provides 15 years and/or $100,000 fine for mere advocacy or membership in an organization that allegedly calls for revolutionary change "as speedily as circumstances permit…at some future time".

Section 521 authorizes any police officers anywhere to use deadly force to prevent the escape of a person arrested for any crime, however petty, and without regard to the danger to the life of others.

Section 1801 defines a "riot" as "an assembly of five" which "creates a grave danger to property". It stiffens a 1968 law to provide three years and/or $25,000 fine for the "movement of a person across a state line", or for the use of the mail or telephone in the course of the "planning, promotion" of a "riot".

Nine sections seriously restrict public access to government information including military, non-military "intelligence of the United States" and material pertaining to "the conduct of foreign relations affecting the national defense". Severe penalties are authorized for past or present federal employees who leak information, news people who use it and publishers who print it. Section 1121 carries a possible death penalty for anyone who releases information which "may" be used "to the injury of the U.S.A. or to the advantage of a foreign power".

Under section 531, on entrapment, the burden of proof is placed on the defendant to prove that he was unlawfully entrapped", even though undercover agents provocateur employed "deception", provided "a facility or an opportunity", and used "active inducement" to get a crime committed.

The President is permitted to wiretap under section 3126. He can wiretap domestic activities which he thinks are a "danger to the structure" of government. The Attorney General's authority is widened to wiretap alleged offenses protected by the first amendment under section 3127. 48-hour "emergency" taps without court approval are permitted. Telephone workers and landlords are compelled to cooperate "forthwith" and "unobtrusively" with government wiretappers.

In the section on demonstrations, virtually every kind of civil rights, peace or other protest action would be threatened with severe penalties under a series of vaguely drafted infringements on the right of assembly.

The penalty for failure to cooperate with congressional committees like the House Un-American Activities, Internal Security and Eastland Committee is increased to three years and/or $25,000 fine, according to section 1333.

By eliminating the insanity defense, section 502 would steer sick people to prison instead of hospitals.

Section 1851 would make criminals of all persons who in any way disseminate any material describing sexual intercourse or depicting nudity. Another section provides one year and/or a fine $10,000 for possession of even a small amount of marijuana for personal use and three years and/or $25,000 if found possessing it upon arrival or departure from a trip out of the country.

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FARAH SELLING PANTS UNDER NEW NAMES

Don't buy Farah pants. Also don't buy slacks under the names: Cliff Mark, Beau Mark, Golden Scroll, Passport Club 20, Par Excellent, Su Par Jeans, Daire, and Kinrod. These are the new names under which the Farah Manufacturing Company is now selling its products.

The Company has resorted to selling its pants under the new names as a result of the successful boycott of the Farah label in support of striking Chicano workers. The demands of the 3,500, mostly women strikers, include the right to organize, an increase in the $1.70 hourly wage, humane working conditions and retirement benefits.

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BLACK ALDERMAN BEATEN: COMMUNITY CONTROL OF POLICE COALITION FORMS IN EVANSTON

(Evanston, III.) - A coalition for Community Control of Police has been formed here following the severe beating of Black City Alderman Roosevelt Alexander by three Evanston policemen. The coalition is comprised of 45 Black and White community leaders in Evanston who have united behind demands for more stringent controls over the police department.

At a meeting of the Home Services Committee of the Evanston City Council on September 25th, two of the three demands of the coalition were not acted upon. A third demand for the establishment of a Citizen Police Review Board has been placed under consideration.

Alderman Alexander, an outspoken ctitic of the Evanston police, suffered his second beating in two years by police officers. He was maced and brutalized last month and as a result was hospitalized for five days. The three attacking officers were not disciplined and still remain on the force while several "investigations" are supposedly being conducted.

The demands of the coalition are: (1)that the three policemen involved in the beating be immediately relieved of duty; (2) that the city manager, who refused to implement a recommendation by the city's Board of Aldermen to suspend the attacking officers, be removed; (3)that a Citizen's Police Review Board, made up of members of the community, be formed to review all police incidents. The boardwould have the power to subpoena police records and it will be mandatory that its recommendations be followed by the police.

This same Citizen's Police Review Board proposal was introduced to the Evanston City Council two years ago by Alderman Alexander and was rejected.

The police beating of Alexander occurred last month in front of his mother's home. An officer approached him demanding to see his identification. The officer pushed Alexander while trying to handcuff him, and two other policemen who had arrived on the scene sprayed mace in his face and began beating and kicking him. One of the police involved had been active in the other beating of Alexander in 1971, in which he suffered a broken arm.

Alderman Alexander has been the target of police harassment since his election in 1971, when he began to advocate the formation of a police review board. This last incident is the ninth confrontation between police and the alderman or of members of his family.

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COMMON LAW MARRIAGES: PRISONERS PROTEST DENIAL OF FAMILY VISITS

(Susanville, Calif.) - The Afro-American Culture Group at Susanville facility, in behalf of all prison inmates of the California Department of Corrections, in a recent complaint charged that their constitutional rights of equal protection of the law have been violated.

The complaint, directed to Raymond Procunier, Director of the Department of Corrections, involves the prisoners' rights to conjugal visitation. Inmates who are "legally married" are allowed conjugal visits (family type visits), while inmates who have common law marriages have been denied this type of visitation.

The prison inmates state that the conjugal visitation in its present form is discriminating and violates the "equal protection clause" of the Fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution.

In the preliminary statement of the complaint the Afro-American Culture Group states: "We the undersigned, believe that, there are reasonable and sufficient causes to bring this issue before the Director on the subject matter: If we are denied equality in the law in force, then our constitution is without force and effect.

"It is clear then, that a general unqualified demand that all shall be treated equally means only that the treatment accorded to each person shall follow general rules. If such a demand is authorized by law, it becomes a question of interpretation whether it must be written off as a mere ideological, legally empty formulation, or whether on historical basis it is possible to give it specific meaning."

In support of the inmates this complaint should be given full recognition. Prison inmates with common law wives suffer the same emotional stress from the denial of physical contact with their loved ones as prisoners who are "legally married". This fact should be ignored.

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NEW STATEVILLE WARDEN A DISSAPPOINTMENT

(Chicago, Illinois) - Governor Walker has approved the appointment of a 18 year old White man, Joseph Cannon, as the new warden of Stateville penitentiary. Cannon has had only four years of experience in dealing with Black prisoners during his 25 years of prison work. Stateville's intimate population is 80 percent Black, coming mainly from the Chicago area. The prison's guards are for the most part rural Whites.

Cannon's appointment comes as a blow to many of the Black prisoners and those working for peace in the turbulent prison. It was hoped that a Black warden might be appointed in keeping with a prison inmate demand during the recent prisoner rebellion at Stateville that a Black warden and more Black guards be hired. Hopes that prisoner frustrations and prison turmoil might be eased were dashed by the selection of Cannon.

Chicago's Black weekly, the Black X-Press, reports that Cannon, who will replace present Warden Vernon Revis, toured Stateville last June. According to Cannon, his only involvement with a prison rebellion occurred on his present post as deputy commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Corrections. During that disturbance "a group of inmates refused to obey work call and held one hostage". When asked what procedure he would follow if similar protests occur at Stateville, Cannon replied, he would "follow the directives" passed on to him.

Cannon says he has no definite plans or projects in mind to improve Stateville but "feels strongly about the staff being involved in decision-making policy". He adds that he will concern himself with the "proper administration of the prison". Cannon assumed his new office on September 24.

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Illinois state officials, including Department of Corrections director Allyn R. Seilaff, maintain that the recent prisoner rebellion was the result of gang activity. Sister Yvonne King of the Chicago Chapter of the Black Panther Party says that this is a "decoy causing the community to believe it (the protest) was caused by gangs".

The prisoners have remained in lock-up since April 29, shortly after the rebellion. One of the organizers of the protest, Sam Early, has been transferred to Joliet Prison's Special Program Unit. It is expected that a total of 75 men will be transferred following brief disciplinary hearings at which the defendants have no legal counsel. Mail and decent food is being denied the men in lock-up.

The Black Panther Party in Chicago sponsors a Free Busing to Prisons Program every week taking prisoners' relatives and friends to visit them at Stateville and other Illinois prisons. Only through correspondence and, more important, visits, will civilians be able to understand the real conditions and assure support for the beleagured prison inmates. For more information about the Busing Program and reservations for the Chicago area, contact Yvonne King at (312) 536-9265.

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NEW PROGRAM HELPS VETS BUY HOMES

(Oakland, Calif.) - A new counseling program designed to aid veterans who are potential home buyers has begun in Oakland and San Jose. According to J.E. Mullen, regional director for the Veterans Administration office in San Francisco, the main objective of the new program is to improve the opportunities for minority veterans to become home owners.

The counseling in Oakland is held at the Main Library, 125-14th Street, on Thursday evenings between 5:30 and 7:30 p.m. Counseling in San Jose is held at 1680 E. Santa Clara St. on Wednesday evenings between 5:30 and 7:30 p.m. Veterans must make appointments for the sessions by calling 556-6459 in San Francisco or 258-0663 in San Jose.

Mullen pointed our that the VA is interested in talking to potential home buyers as soon as they decided that they want to purchase a home.

The counseling program has been successful in other cities, most notably Los Angeles, where the program has been in operation, on a pilot basis, for over a year.

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ATLANTA UNITED FRONT: PROTEST POLICE BEATING OF 15 YEAR OLD SISTER

(Atlanta, Ga.)- Proclaiming that the Black community is fed up with police lawlessness and brutality, a united front of 18 community organizations has recently formed here following the severe beating of a 15 year old Black girl. The United Front has picketed the Atlanta City Hall and the police headquarters following the incident in which young Claudette Pension, who is mentally retarded and an asthmatic, was kicked in the stomach and choked by White policeman E.L. Wilson at a local television studio.

The United Front held a press conference to protest the brutalization, and afterward the picketers packed the committee chambers at City Hall in a meeting with Atlanta Mayor Sam Massell to voice their demands to the unresponsive official.

At the press conference, Reverend Joe Boone, spokesman for the Front, commented that: "The police of Atlanta are rioting under our noses." He charged that Mayor Massell was not able to control Police Chief John Inman, who has been the target of growing community protest because of his promotion and defense of brutal acts by his troops.

Speaking for the various organizations in the United Front, which include Operation Breadbasket, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Welfare Rights Organization, and the United Youth-Adult

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Conference, Rev. Boone called on the city to:

-- Get more Black policemen on the force, since in most cases they have proved to be "more humane and trustworthy" then their White counterparts.

-- Abolish the Internal Security Division within the police force. "It makes no sense", Boone exclaimed, "for the police department to be investigating itself." He called for the Police Committee or the full Board of Aldermen to take on the responsibility of investigating complaints against the police.

-- Let the Mayor know that the "police riot" must stop at once. Boone said his group was informing the federal Justice Department that the situation here is "our of control". Washington could withhold millions of dollars in Law Enforcement Administration funds that are used to "beef up" the department, Rev. Boone noted. "If necessary, we will hold Sam Massell, Chief Inman and the violent members of his department. "Enough is enough, and too much is an abomination. Atlanta has become the police murder capital of the country", he said, referring to the 13 Black people who have been killed by Atlanta "have multiplied" under the administration of Inman and Massell, and "the horrifying story goes on and on".

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ANGOLA PRISON: 3 ACTIVISTS RE-INDICTTED FOR GUARD

(New Orleans, La.) - Three Black prison inmates at Angola State penitentiary have been indicted for the second time for the same crime. The first indictment was dropped by a higher court because of the outright racism used in the grand jury selection process.

Herman Wallace, Gilbert Montegat and Chester Jackson point out that they are being tried because of their "involvement in educating other inmates about racism and economic exploitation at the prison". The three are charged, with a fourth prisoner, for having murdered an Angola State Penitentiary guard. Albert Woodfox, the fourth of the "Angola Four", had earlier been convicted in a separate trial and has appealed.

The killing occurred in April, 1972, during a period of extreme tension between prisoners and the Angola administration. Guards had violently and brutally halted a peaceful petition drive just 20 minutes before the killing. When the body was found the entire available prison inmate population was assembled in the prison yard.

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A search revealed no weapons or evidence, although the prisoners were required to strip. Any of the tired, angry, bound men could have killed the guard. Three men, Black Panther Party organizers, were chosen from the rest. Later, another prison organizer was selected and the charges were made against the Angola Four.

The District Attorney at the time, Richard Kilbourne, did not want to prosecute in the case and protested the indictments because the evidence was "too flimsy".

Brother Dennis Walsh, coordinator of the Committee to Free the Angola Four, says that community protest will continue "until the charges are dropped and until the right to speak, to organize and no petition is returned to the prison inmates". Community support has already been successful in having the trial moved from the small racist rural parish (county) of West Feliciana to the more urban setting of Baton Rouge.

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40,000 WORKERS FIRED: POSTAL SERVICE ENDS YOUTH OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM

(Oakland, Calif.) - On September 28th, the U.S. Postal Service terminated its Youth Opportunity Program under which 40,000 predominately Black college students were employed in the Post Office. The program was ended as a result of racist collusion between the Postal Service and the predominately White postal craft unions.

A clause in a July 21 agreement between the Post Office and the craft unions permits only full time employees to be hired. This hiring policy enables the craft unions to have more dues paying members. The Youth Opportunity Program was established to give minority youth the chance to be employed part time in the Post Office, while attending school. As a result of the July agreement, all 40,000 part time Youth Opportunity Programs employees were fired.

The Post Office gave the youth the chance to become full time employees, by taking White-oriented I.Q. tests which everyone must take before becoming a full time employee. After taking the exam, the students' names would go on a list with all the others who have taken the test in order to their scores. The students would be hired according to their place on the list. Minorities have a slim chance of being hired according to the procedure, since the exam is prejudiced against non-Whites.

Under the Youth Opportunity Program the students relied on their 16 hour a week jobs for financial support while finishing college. This program afforded the only opportunity for thousands of minority youth to finish school.

Officers of the Oakland local of the predominately Black Nation Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees told THE BLACK PANTHER that the termination of the youth program contradicts an earlier affirmative action plan proposed by Post master General E.T. Klassen. Under that plan the Post Office agreed to continue hiring people from poor socio-economic backgrounds, a policy which the National Alliance was instrumental in implementing in the early 1960's.

Said National Alliance Voice' senior editor Robert Taylor: "The National Alliance is opposed to the racist stance taken by the Postal Service and the White oriented craft unions to deny anyone an equal opportunity, especially when the supposed opportunity is being funded by U.S. taxpayers. The National Alliance will do everything is its power to aid the Youth Opportunity students in their fight against the Postal Service and the postal craft union."

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PEOPLE'S PERSPECTIVE

BLACK MAYOR LIKELY IN ATLANTA

(Atlanta, Georgia) - Vice Mayor Maynard Jackson will probably be Atlanta's first Black mayor. He finished in first place with 47,041 votes or 47 percents in last week's mayoralty election. His biggest opponent was incumbent Sam Massell, who only received 19,760 votes or 19 percent. Vice Mayor Jackson is a cinch to defeat Massell in the October 16, run-off election.

ASSASSINATION CONFERENCE SCHEDULED

(Washington, D.C.) - A conference on the assassination of John F. Kennedy, sponsored by Georgetown University and the Committee to Investigate Assassinations, will take place November 23 and 24 in Washington, D.C., at Georgetown. The conference will also cover the Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King and George Wallace shootings. Special discussions are expected to be held on medical evidence, physical evidence, new investigative techniques, legal aspects, conspiracy theories, and new books and movies.

ARMY TO TEST GAS ON BEAGLES

(Washington, D.C.) - The Army plans to buy 400 thoroughbred beagles for testing riot-control gas and developing a vaccine to counteract a new binary nerve gas. The Army will pay $80 for each dog to be used in a testing program at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. Wisconsin Congressman Leo Aspin, who earlier attacked the Air Force's use of beagles to study the effect of exhaust from jet engines and poisons produced by burning aircraft components, described the Army's new plan as an "outrage".

RACISTS BOMBSBLACK HOME

(Detroit, Michigan) - A Detroit policeman and a former police cadet have been charged with firebombing the home of one of the first Black families to move into their all White neighborhood, Charged with burning the home of Sidney Freeman, were patrolmen Craig D. Brooks and Larry Weisberg. The Assistant Wayne County prosecutor said the apparent motive for the crime was racial hatred.

FALSE RAID VICTIM BEATEN

(Collinsville, Ill.) - One of the victims of last April's mistaken Collinsville drug raids says one of the agents involved broke into her home recently and beat her. Mrs. Virginia Askew was treated for cuts and bruises on her head as a result of the beating. The Askews along with other victims of the wrong-door raids have reported being harassed by police agents ever since the April 23 raids, Mrs. Askew and her husband have filed a $100,000 law suit as a result of the raid.

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IN SEARCH OF COMMON GROUND: CONVERSATION WITH ERIK H. ERIKSON AND HUEY P. NEWTON

PART 3

In Search of Common Ground, conversations with Erik H. Erikson, Professor Emeritus of Human Development and Lecturer in Psychiatry at Harvard University and Huey P. Newton, ideological leader of the Black Panther Party, is a search for convergences between the individuals of quite different ideological postures and life experiences. Published by W.W. Norton and Co., New York, In Search of Common Ground will be available in bookstores this month.

Part III continues the initial statement that opened the conversations, in which Comrade Huey explains the development of the Party's ideology. In this excerpt from the book, he traces early changes in the Black Panther Party's understanding of the world.

Now that I have said a word about the ideology of the Party, I am going to describe the history of the Party and how we have changed our understanding of the world.

When we started in October 1966, we were what one would call Black nationalists. We realized the contradictions in society, the pressure on Black people in particular, and we saw that most people in the past had solved some of their problems by forming into nations. We therefore argued that it was rational and logical for us to believe that our sufferings as a people would end when we established a nation of our own, composed of our own people.

But after a while we say that something was wrong with this resolution of the problem. In the past, nationhood was a fairly easy thing to accomplish. If we look around now, though, we see that the world - the land space, the livable parts as we know them - is pretty well settled. So we realized that to create a new nation we would have to become a dominant faction in this one, and yet the fact that we did not have power was the contradiction that drove us to seek nationhood in the first place. It is an endless circle, you see: to achieve nationhood, we needed to become a dominant force; but to become a dominant force, we needed to be a nation.

So we made a further analysis and found that in order for us to be a dominant force we would at least have to be great in number. So we developed from just plain nationalists or separatist nationalists into revolutionary nationalists. We said that we joined with all of the other people in the world struggling for decolonialization and nationhood, and called ourselves a "dispersed colony" because we did not have the geographical concentration that other so - called colonies had. But we did have Black communities throughout the country- San Francisco, Los Angeles, New Haven- and there are many similarities between these communities and the traditional kind of colony. We also thought that if we allied with those other colonies we would have a greater number, a greater chance, a greater force; and that is what we needed, of course, because only force kept us a colonized people.

We saw that it was not only beneficial for us to be revolutionary nationalists but to express our solidarity with those friends who suffered many of the same kind of pressures we suffered. Therefore we changed our self-definitions. We said that we are not only revolutionary nationalists - that is, nationalists who want revolutionary changes in everything, including the economic system the oppressor inflicts upon us - but we are also individuals deeply concerned with the other people of the world and their desires for revolution. In order to show this solidarity, we decided to call ourselves internationalists.

Originally, as I said, we assumed that people could solve a number of their problems by becoming nations, but this conclusion showed our lack of understanding of the world's dialectical development. Our mistake was to assume that the conditions under which people had become nations in the past still existed. To be a nation, one must satisfy certain essential conditions, and if these things do not exist or cannot be created, then it is not possible to be a nation.

In the past, nation - states were usually inhabited by people of a certain ethnic and religious background. They were divided from other people either by a partition of water or a great unoccupied land space. This natural partition gave the nation's dominate class, and the people generally, a certain amount of control over the kinds of political, economic, and social institutions they established. It gave them a certain amount of control over their destiny and their territory. They were secure at least to the extent that they would not be attacked or violated by another nation ten thousand miles away, simply because the means to transport troops that far did not exist. This situation, however, could not last. Technology developed until there was a definite qualitative transformation in the relationships within and between nations.

We know that you cannot change a part of the whole without changing the whole, and vice versa. As technology developed and there was an increase in military capabilities and means of travel and communication, nations began to control other territories, distant from their own. Usually they controlled these other lands by sending administrators and settlers, who would extract labor from the people or resources from the earth - or both. This is the phenomenon we know as colonialism.

TO BE CONTINUED NEXT WEEK

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OPERATION GEMSTONE: “THE GREAT WATERGATE CONSPIRACY”: FLIGHT 553: THE WATERGATE MURDER?

The Captain and flight crews, executing an instrument landing, are left to depend entirely upon a triangulation of equipment for guidance. They must be able to rely on their plane and the proper functioning of its instruments. The plane counts on the correct functioning of ground navigational markers and scopic equipment near and about the runway. The pilots in the air depend on the correct functioning of electronic radar equipment and computers in control towers, And they must also be able to rely on the veracity, training and responsibility of the men in those towers who watch the collation of data and then properly convey the results in the form of specific and true directions to those who are "flying blind" above.

Midway Airport, on Chicago's southside, was shoehorned into a mixed commercial and crowded working class residential area. Once it was one of the nation's busiest airports. Now having been supplanted by the ultra-modern O'Hare, traffic and dwindled to a fraction of its peak volume, almost deserted. Because of the decline in Midway's status, the airport lacked most of the new and highly sophisticated radar, computer and other electronic and fire fighting safety devices installed at O'Hare Field. So it was the habit and duty, by agreement, of the big up-to-date O'Hare (known as the Chicago Air Traffic Centwer), to watch, track and guide the remaining commercial flights to a point at which the Midway Airport Control Tower could safety take over. This transfer is called a "hand-off".

In the case of flight 553, a premature "hand-off" from O'Hare was one of the first in a cluster of bewildering human blunders that was to combine with a series of air and ground equipment malfunctions and failures to finalize the fate for all but an extremely lucky eighteen persons abroad.

Is the last fifteen minutes of flight, the well-equipped O'Hare, using some of the best radar and computers in the world, was tracking the Boeing 737. Speed was erratic, O'Hare claims they told 553 to show down not after 23 sweeps of the radar (15 sweeps per minute) the Boeing was still going too fast; 210 knots per hour, Was 553 alerted to her obvious equipment failure?

Then O'Hare stopped watching the Being 737 from their Control Center altogether, too soon. They called a premature "head-off" is violation of the O'Hare-Midway letter of agreement.

Recent reports that foul play has been ruled out in the United Airlines crash that killed 45 persons, including Mrs. Dorothy Hunt, wife of convicted Watergate conspirator E. Howard Hunt, are challenged by the Citizen's Research Investigation Committe (CRIC) in "Operation Gemstone: The Great Watergate Conspiracy." The following excerpt details "a cluster of bewildering human blunders" and " a series of air and ground equipment malfunctions and failures" that makes CRIC ask; was this a Watergate murder?

THE BLACK PANTHER has exclusive publication rights to the soon-to-be published "Operation Gemstone". A screen play is an preparation based on "Operation Gemstone".

Was this violation, the premature call, ostensibly on O'Hare's part, simply an easing of the work load, a negligent blunder? Was it an act beyond negligence; a responding 'cut-off" by design? Or could O'Hare have been responding to a request from Midway for the "hand-off"? In any event, O'Hare was fully aware of the fact that Midway lacked precision radar.

The Approach Controller at O'Hare admits that he "forgot" to give 553 its approach clearance. Was this something that should have been done before the "hand-off",

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or that would have been done if the "hand-off" had not been premature? Was this, "forgetting", by design or simply a human failure?

Did the Controller's "forgetting" occur before the "hand-off", thus leading 553 - which was dependent on the Controller for radio contact - to believe, as 553 did at one point, that they were then in a "holding pattern" and correctly awaiting further instruction from the well equipped and tracking O'Hare?

Had 553 actually received her one and only message, regarding erratic speed, which O'Hare claims to have sent? Did 553 acknowledge and respond to the danger signal? Could they do anything to correct the danger? What their equipment functioning? At what point did the, now proved, equipment failure occur in the aircraft? Why did they not correct? Did 553 have to assume their speed had been corrected after hearing no more from O'Hare and no later word from Midway about the problem. In fact, had they heard about the speed factor at all?

There is documentation that at a certain point, Midway gave O'Hare and flight 553 conflicting messages.

WHY NO OFFICIAL INQUIRY?

Had the premature "hand-off" been communicated solely between O'Hare and Midway radios? Was 553 informed, as it happened, that the premature "hand-off" of tower control was or had just taken place? Did Midway simply break in and take over the ground to air guidance, or was there a lag? Why has so official inquiry pin-pointed this critical moment in time of the two contradictory messages given by Midway to O'Hare and flight 553?

One thing is certain; after the O'Hare "hand-off" was an accomplished fact, nothing more of flight 553's approach pattern or activities were ever again to be recorded on the tapes at O'Hare's Chicago Air Approach Control Center.

Did 553 communicate first with Midway or vice versa? What were Midway's instructions? Was it Midway Tower, in premature control, who actually put 553 into what was to be their first and only "holding pattern"? Or did the silence from O'Hare or their Controller's "forgetting" lead 553 to assume that she was in a holding pattern?

(From the cockpit to passengers, for the second time in flight, came a new announcement: they were over Gary, Indiana, and would be landing in about five minutes.

The stewardesses instructed everyone to put out all cigarettes, fasten near belts and adjust their seats upright for landing,)

It is documented that at some point in the last fifteen miutes, 553 believed herself to be in a "holding pattern". If, In fact, Midway did put the Boening 737 into a "bolding Pattern" was this the first phase in the redirecting of 553 to a runway other than was originally intended?

Originally 553 was to land on Midway's runway 13-R. Outdated and unsophisticated as Midway's equipment was, it was runway 13-R which was most suited for the Boeing 737's set down. 13-R was the only runway at Midway with a glidescope (an important navigational aid that gives altitude and azimuth). Moreover, 13-R was the usual runway used for larger planes, 13-R lay at the opposite end of the field from runway 31-Left, the one to which 553 was finally directed. Why was 553 re-directed to the runway without the fail-safe glidescope?

The ambiguous "holding pattern"; the premature "hand-off"; O'Hare's "forgetting"; the redirection to 31-Left; these are part of the long list of astoanding blunders, co-incidences, uninvestigated contradictions and morbidly suspicious events.

(The last communique from 553's cockpit to the passengers was to let them know they were at 4,000 feet, that all was well, and that they would be landing momentarily.)

One and one-half miles on the southeast course to Midway Airport, among a one story bungalow neighborhood dotted here and there with snow, lies Hurley Flementary School and Queen of the Universe Catholic School, "The Queen", as the parochial and other school kids call it, had started empeying out its pupils at 2:15, Children were still lingering and leaving, being picked up, walking and running home, to play, to chores, or to join friends and test the ice at the nearby neighborhood ice rink.

CODE VIOLATIONS

Mothers were waiting, baking Christmas cookies, reading, dozing, shopping, cleaning. People were driving in the streets, Night-shifters were rising and dressing for work. Some of the retired people were sitting looking out windows, and Cub Scouts were meeting in their cellar den.

The children had become used to the seconds of propellers and the jet whine of planes that cut swaths strategically over such low bank account, working class areas. But the parents and adults had only become used to having their angry demands for safety and quiet lgnored by City Hall.

They had steered 553 in behind a small propeller driven plane, and Aero Commander N 309VS, which was also headed for Midway Runway 31-Left. This was a code violation, since all prop planes were in fact supposed to land on Runway 31-Right.

Meanwhile Traffic Control - whose task it is to talk a plane down from level to level in order to avoid other air traffic - was absolutely silent concerning the fact that 553 had too much velocity, was making too fast a descent.

The Aero Commander pilot requested of Midway Tower a "missed approach" (that he be allowed to go around again and make a second landing attempt). He gave no reason, at all, for his request. But it was granted by Midway Tower as was his maintainance of first place priority on Runway 31-Left. This constituted another fatal violation of code. Midway was now, improperly, working two planes for the same runway at the same time - the Aero commander and Flight 553.

Flight 553 was now flying wide on instruments, far right of Midway's Outer Marker and had not been told. Nor were they made aware of their high speed and incorrect altitude. Unknowingly, 533 was drastically closing the gap between themselves and the small private plane, and the National Weather Service's Runway Visual range Recorder was not working. The list of improbabilities had by this point become exponential.

TO BE CONTINUED NEXT WEEK

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BLACK PANTHER PARTY PROGRAM MARCH 29, 1972 PLATFORM: WHAT WE WANT, WHAT WE BELIEVE

1. WE WANT FREEDOM. WE WANT POWER TO DETERMINE THE DESTINY OF OUR BLACK AND OPPRESSED COMMUNITIES.

We believe that Black and oppressed people will not be free until we are able to determine our destinies in our own communities ourselves, by fully controlling all the institutions which exist in our communities.

2. WE WANT FULL EMPLOYMENT FOR OUR PEOPLE.

We believe that the federal government is responsible and obligated to give every person employment or a guaranteed income. We believe that if the American businessmen will not give full employment, then the technology and means of production should be taken from the businessmen and placed in the community so that the people of the community can organize and employ all of its people and give a high standard of living.

3. WE WANT AN END TO THE ROBBERY BY THE CAPITALIST OF OUR BLACK AND OPPRESSED COMMUNITIES.

We believe that this racist government has robbed us and now we are demanding the overdue debt of forty acres and two mules. Forty acres and two mules were promised 100 years ago as restitution for slave labor and mass murder of Black people. We will accept the payment in currency which will be distributed to our many communities. The American racist has taken part in the slaughter of over fifty million Black people. Therefore, we feel this is a modest demand that we make.

4. WE WANT DECENT HOUSING FIT FOR THE SHELTER OF HUMAN BEINGS.

We believe that if the landlords will not give decent housing to our Black and oppressed communities, then the housing and the land should be made into cooperatives so that the people in our communities, with government aid, can build and make decent housing for the people.

5. WE WANT EDUCATION FOR OUR PEOPLE THAT EXPOSES THE TRUE NATURE OF THIS DECADENT AMERICAN SOCIETY. WE WANT EDUCATION THAT TEACHES US OUR TRUE HISTORY AND OUR ROLE IN THE PRESENT-DAY SOCIETY.

We believe in an educational system that will give to our people a knowledge of self. If you do not have knowledge of yourself and your position in the society and the world, then you will have little chance to know anything else.

6. WE WANT COMPLETELY FREE HEALTH CARE FOR ALL BLACK AND OPPRESSED PEOPLE.

We believe that the government must provide, free of charge, for the people, health facilities which will not only treat our illnesses, most of which have come about as a result of our oppression, but which will also develop preventative medical programs to guarantee our future survival. We believe that mass health education and research programs must be developed to give all Black and oppressed people access to advanced scientific and medical information, so we may provide ourselves with proper medical attention and care.

7. WE WANT AN IMMEDIATE END TO POLICE BRUTALITY AND MURDER OF BLACK PEOPLE OTHER PEOPLE OF COLOR, ALL OPPRESSED PEOPLE INSIDE THE UNITED STATES.

We believe that the racist and fascist government of the United States uses its domestic enforcement agencies to carry out its program of oppression against Black people, other people of color and poor people inside the United States. We believe it is our right, therefore, to defend ourselves against such armed forces, and that all Black and oppressed people should be armed for self-defense of our homes and communities against these fascist police forces.

8. WE WANT AN IMMEDIATE END TO ALL WARS OF AGGRESSION.

We believe that the various conflicts which exist around the world stem directly from the aggressive desires of the U.S. ruling circle and government to force its domination upon the oppressed people of the world. We believe that if the U.S. government or its lackeys do not cease these aggressive wars that it is the right of the people to defend themselves by any means necessary against their aggressors.

9. WE WANT FREEDOM FOR ALL BLACK AND POOR OPPRESSED PEOPLE NOW HELD IN U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, COUNTY, CITY AND MILITARY PRISONS AND JAILS. WE WANT TRIALS BY A JURY OF PEERS FOR ALL PERSONS CHARGED WITH SO-CALLED CRIMES UNDER THE LAWS OF THIS COUNTRY.

We believe that the many Black and poor oppressed people now held in U.S. prisons and jails have not received fair and impartial trials under a racist and fascist judicial system and should be free from incarceration. We believe in the ultimate elimination of all wretched, inhuman penal institutions, because the masses of men and women imprisoned inside the United States or by the U.S. military are the victims of oppressive conditions which are the real cause of their imprisonment. We believe that when persons are brought to trial that they must be guaranteed, by the United States, juries of their peers, attorneys of their choice and freedom from imprisonment while awaiting trials.

10. WE WANT LAND, BREAD, HOUSING, EDUCATION CLOTHING, JUSTICE, PEACE AND PEOPLE'S COMMUNITY CONTROL OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY.

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable `rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But, when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.

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Intercommunal News: ZIMBABWE REVOLUTIONARIES ARMED GUERRILLA STRATEGY IS THE ONLY ANSWER

(Mozambique) - With the declaration of independence by Guinea - Bissau, and its total liberation from Portuguese rule certain, attention now turns to the other two Portuguese ruled territories in Africa: Angola and Mozambique.

Undoubtedly the greatest threat to Portugal's continued rule in Africa comes from the Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO). FRELIMO is one of Africa's most highly organized and most effective nationalist movements. It is today engaged in a fierce war to free Mozambique from Portuguese domination.

"FRELIMO's forces are increasing in numbers. We are getting better equipment. We are improving our strategy, our tactics and our methods", said Samora Moises Machel, military commander of FRELIMO, at the recent celebrations marking the 11th anniversary of the organization.

"We are absolutely certain the Portuguese will be defeated soon", he added. The 41 year-old Machel, rated as Africa's top guerrilla fighter, was trained in guerrilla warfare in Algeria. He commands the reported 20,000 member well-equipped and disciplined Mozambique People's Liberation Army.

Machel, sometimes referred to as Africa's Che Guevara, explains that his forces are growing increasingly stronger. One fifth of Mozambique is under the full and absolute control of the Mozambique People's Liberation Army. This includes the northern districts of Niassa, Tete and Cabo Delgado, and roughly one million of Mozambique's 8,000,000 inhabitants.

"We are mobilized to fight and win a protracted people's war", Machel said. "We are in a position increasingly to transform our growing political consciousness into a material force which will crush the enemy, no matter how powerful they may be. We think 10 years from now we will have the whole country covered in armed struggle. From our side there is more and more determination and more and more confidence in final victory."

In the liberated areas FRELIMO has established markets where peasants as well as military cadres can trade in food and weapons. Priority has been given to rural health clinics and to schools. Literacy courses for the armed militants are organized in bush schools. Non-military administer all the required institutions of the areas, including people's courts.

Answering the accusation of being communist because of financial and military aid received from China and the U.S.S.R., the soft-spoken FRELIMO leader has said: "We look upon the socialist countries as our natural allies. Because without their political

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and material support our struggle would not have reached the present stage."

Giving details of the brutal war, Machel said in the past nine years of their struggle they have killed several thousand Portuguese soldiers and destroyed over a thousand military vehicles. He said they had also wiped out several hundred military bases.

Machel confirmed recent reports that Portugal has brought in troops from Rhodesia and South Africa as well as mercenaries to fight FRELIMO forces. He also charged that the Portuguese had been attacking them with tanks, napalm bombs and highly sophisticated and dangerous weapons supplied mostly by NATO countries.

"We know that for many of our militants, death will be the price of freedom. But FRELIMO militants are prepared to pay any price for it. We have the support of the people of the world, and threfore we will win", Machel concluded.

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FRELIMO ARMY ADVANCES IN MOZAMBIQUE

We reprint below excerpts from a statement published in the August issue of the monthly magazine Africa by Godfrey Tendai Chiguvara for the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). The statement explains ZANU's adherence to armed, guerrilla struggle and the reasons for its unqualified opposition to negotiating with the racist regime of Ian Smith in Zimbabwe (Rhodesia).

"Many people agree with us that the fascist, racist outlaw regime of Ian Smith is misgoverning Zimbabwe, but they disagree with our approach to the problem, saying that we have tackled the problem from the wrong end. They advise us to sit down and discuss the Zimbabwe problem with the rebel Boers (whites) and try to find a compromise solution acceptable to the people of Zimbabwe as a whole.

"This is wrong for simple reasons. Firstly, what we want in Zimbabwe is not a privilege, but a RIGHT. The Boers came and found us in Zimbabwe. By butchery and treachery they imposed their rule on us. The mere fact that they occupied Zimbabwe by force of arms means that the settler administration of Zimbabwe has been illegal since the Boer set foot in Zimbabwe.

"Because of this illegality, we are not prepared to negotiate with the Boer clique. We therefore, do not need to negotiate for our country, but we DEMAND our country back…

"At the present time the British government says that there is no basis for the convention of a multi-racial constitutional conference on Zimbabwe.

"Secondly, we do not believe that having talks with the Smith regime will win us back Zimbabwe; for no minority in the whole history of the world has ever voluntarily given up political power in favor of the majority.

"Thirdly, Ian Smith as we know him will never chair a meeting which has as its principal objective the liquidation of his own political power.

"For these reasons to think of negotiating with the fascist and racist Boer settlers in Zimbabwe is naked lunacy. Therefore the Zimbabwe African National Union advocates direct confrontation with the rebel clique in Zimbabwe…the policy of ZANU as far as the liberation of Zimbabwe is concerned can be best summed up in the words of ZANU President, Ndabaningi Sithole:

" `African politics in Zimbabwe, as well as in European-ruled Africa, began as reformist politics, but now we have entered the phase of takeover politics, as it is impossible for the present white minority to rule Zimbabwe for the benefit of the voteless African majority. We have entered the period of political confrontation.'

"Today we have political confrontation in Zimbabwe. The African people of Zimbabwe…have pushed this political confrontation to its highest form, the effective level of advanced guerrilla warfare…through the military wing of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA)."

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NATIVE AMERICANS TAKE FBI TO COURT OVER SOVEREIGNTY RIGHTS

(Missoula, Montana) - Attorneys for the Black Feet Native American Tribal council are taking the FBI to U.S. District court here. The Indian tribes' legal counsel will argue that the U.S. government and its agencies have no right to interfere with Black Feet Tribal matters. According to law, Native American tribes are considered to be sovereign nations within the United States and are therefore exempt from all U.S. laws and statutes.

This case stems from the disregard of a tribal court order by U.S. Attorney Otis Packwood. Packwood ordered FBI agent Thomas Harney to move five slot machines from the Indian reservation at East Glacier, Montana, to Great Falls, Montana, despite a temporary restraining order by tribal judge John P. Sharpe. The tribal court commanded that the machines should stay on the reservation until the matter could be heard in tribal court. The government attorney also asked for a federal court order enjoining the Black Feet Tribe against interference with federal law enforcement.

The controversy follows the August 28 raid on the Palamino Bar in East Glacier in which the slot machines were originally confiscated by the FBI. The agents were acting under a federal law that prohibits possession and use of gambling devices on Indian reservations.

A number of Native American nations have recently considered the use of gambling as a source of revenue raising to draw money from the hands of tourists and utilize it for the collective good of the tribe. The Black Feet business council had authorized gambling within the 1.5 million acre reservation.

Federal Judge Russell E. Smith is expected to rule on this matter soon.

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Africa In Focus

TANZANIA

In a move to continue the uprooting of the dregs of colonialism in independent Africa, Tanzania has banned the shooting or capturing of any wild life throughout the country. The Tanzanian Natural Resources and Tourism Ministry issued the order recently in the interest of preserving its wildlife heritage. Earlier, Kenya and the West African nation of Ivory Coast banned the hunting of elephants and certain species of wildlife.

MOZAMBIQUE

Morale among Mozambique's 250,000 Europeans has reached a remarkably low level, according to London Daily Telegraph correspondent Bruce Loudon writing from the Mozambique capital of Lourenco Marques. The factors causing this new low, according to Loudon, are the international repercussions of reports of massacres in Mozambique by Portuguese troops and the southward thrust by FRELIMO guerrillas with repeated strikes in White - dominated areas close to the port city of Beira. One commentator in Laurenco Marques told the correspondent: "The nerves of our people are battered as never before."

GUINEA-BISSAU

Within days of the statehood proclamation of the new Republic of Guinea-Bissau, numerous countries extended recognition or endorsed the action. They include China, U.S. - S.R., Algeria, the Republic of Guinea, Tanzania, Chad, Libya, Somalia, Upper Volta, Mauritania, Madagascar, Ghana, the Peoples Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Senegal, Syria, Yugoslavia and Rumania. As many as 50 countries are expected to move quickly towards full diplomatic recognition of Guinea-Bissau.

ANGOLA

The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) has foiled a plot by Portuguese intelligence to assassinate its president, Dr. Agostino Neto. The MPLA representative in Brazzaville, Congo, Mr. Lucio Lara, said the assassination plot had been uncovered within the organization itself and although some of those involved had been arrested, the key figures behind it had escaped to Portugal. The aim of the assassination would have been to "strangle the armed nationalist struggle against Portuguese troops", Mr. Lara added.

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INSIDE OUT

A DEDICATED SISTER?

When Philadelphia's Black community rallied around the candidacy of Dr. Ethel Allen, many people actually believed her campaign promises of "serving the people". Since that time, however, Philly's Black folk have been wondering if they did the right thing. Among this "dedicated" sister's brainstorming idea's is a recent suggestion that has the community hopping mad. As a solution to the "unbrotherly" teenage gang problems, Ms. Allen urges that youth who are arrested for gang warfare be put on a "reservation" away from "decent" society. (What do you do if they try to escape, dear Doc Allen, shoot them in the back?)

FAST TALKIN' STAN

If you ever go to Philadelphia, watchout. "Stan the Man" alias Stanley Culbreth is on the loose. His identifiable features, though, are easy to remember. If he's not fast- talking to explain what happened to the $50,000 raised at a Culbreth- promoted Sickle Cell Anemia benefit last year, he's trying desperately to convince you that, sure, he's going to pay back that $245,000 he owes from this year's ill-fated Black Expo `73.

Tell us Stan, did you really make "verbal contracts" with all those entertainers who never showed up? Those "V.I.P. tickets" were $25 a head. By the way Stan, what about those bands that were supposed to perform at the Black Expo Dance Concert? They never showed up and, you never showed up with all those $1 bills you took from the youth.

SWEENEY DOES IT AGAIN

Will the wonders of Wilmont never cease? "Wonderful" Wilmont Sweeney, Mr. Berkeley City Councilman, is at it again. The latest crooked deal by Sweeney happened just three weeks ago. It involved Hardeman-Markey, a so-called community development corporation, involving of course, money.

It seems that Hardeman-Markey went bankrupt, to the tune of $14,000, while trying to deal with a Berkeley City Council-sponsored relocation project. It happens also that Wonderful Willie's law partner, Scipio Porter, is a Hardeman-Markey attorney. So, in the interest of justice -- and money -- Wilmont maneuvered the Council to oversee the payment of Hardeman-Markey debts. Now, thanks to Sweeney, Porter gets his $1,900 Hardeman-Markey gets off the hook, and the people of Berkeley get stuck.

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NUTRITIONIST SAYS HIGH FOOD PRICES “KILLING” US

(Boston, Mass.) - High food prices are not only "putting a hurt" on people's pocketbooks, they're literally "killing" us as well.

If this was just the griping and grumbling of the sister around the corner or the man up the block we might all chuckle and agree. But, coming from Dr. Jean Meyer, Professor of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, we should take this opinion seriously.

As reported in Medical Tribune Dr. Meyer points out that rising food prices are more and more a threat to the health of a large number of people whose nutrition is already not adequate. Included in this group, Dr. Meyer insists, are particularly the poor and the aged; some 17,500,000 people who receive food stamps and donated commodities. Also says Dr. Meyer, "there are probably this many more of the so-called working poor", whose nutritional health is endangered by sky rocketing food prices.

Specifically, Dr. Meyer had this to say: "At present, food stamps are grossly insufficient. There has been no adjustment whatsoever in the past six months for the enormously increased cost of food. This means that all these people who are dependent on food stamps are in nutritional jeopardy."

Dr. Meyer goes on to point out that the allotments of donated commodities to about 3,500,000 persons have, in fact, been reduced and that canned meat is no longer included. School lunch programs and school breakfast programs are suffering cuts as well as depriving children of possible sources of good, wholesome food.

Dr. Meyer also contends that the U.S. does not have a good nutritional surveillance system, "so the reports of clinical manifestations of nutritional deficiency, when they do appear, are going to be very difficult to put together". Dr. Meyer adds: "…and I have not heard anyone from the Administration (Nixon's government) say anything about the plight of the aged and the poor."

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JUSTICE FOR LUNCH

Recently I was reading the Black Panther newspaper in a crowded downtown Palo Alto coffee shop when an obviously well-to-do couple asked to share the table with me. They saw the Panther paper and the man proceeded to lay out his opinions on "justice," mentioning that he was a retired judge who had had George Jackson before his bench.

He turned out to be Judge Gordon Campbell of the Superior Court of Monterey County. His conversational style was smooth, authoritative and dispassionate. (I later learned that he withdrew as the first judge assigned to the Soledad Brothers case, after the defense accused him of blatant expressions of racism. Campbell is said to have matter-of-factly announced after the assassination of Martin Luther King, that Dr. King got what he deserved.)

As I finished my bowl of chili, Judge Campbell told me that "George Jackson was a vicious, cold-blooded killer who deserved to be punished." He went on to defend all-white juries for Black prisoners by saying that "a peer is a citizen -- and all citizens are equal in America."

All this led me to ask him if, in his opinion, organized community support for political prisoners is effective. The judge's face turned scarlet and he exclaimed, "Yes, of course it is. All picketing of courthouses should be outlawed! Many guilty persons get acquitted because of organized support that influences the juries and the communities."

Between sips of soup, his wife nodded vigorously in agreement.

I felt it was odd for him to be spending his time patiently explaining his views to me. If I had been reading the Chronicle, I doubt he would have passed the time of day. But seeing a young white guy reading a Black Panther newspaper must have spurred him to try to set me straight from his position of authority.

(Reprinted from The Grapevine, a Palo Alto, California community newspaper, September, 1973.)

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S.F. MIME TROUPE OUTSTANDING: “THE MOTHER” - GREAT ART COMES FROM SOUND POLITICS

(Berkeley, Calif.) - At first, she is staunchly against her son's political activities: "Nothing helps. I see nothing to be done." She only agrees to pass out the strike leaflets at the factory because she fears her son will be arrested by the police: "Can't Mr. Suklinovdo do what he wants with his factory, since he owns it?" She hesitates, but finally joins the traditional May Day workers demonstration since: "I don't agree, but it is non-violent. The police won't bother a non-violent demonstration."

But, later that same day, when she sees the police turn their guns on the workers and shoot down the proud flag carrier, her committment becomes complete: "Let me have the flag. I will take it. All this must be changed!"

She is The Mother -- "the widow of a worker and the mother of a worker" -- and her trials and tribulation in "mothering" along the Revolution becomes her own in the truly fine San Francisco Mime Troupe's winning performance of the Bertolt Brecht play, The Mother.

The Mother is set in Russia between 1905 to 1917, just prior to the overthrow of the czar and the beginning of the Russian Revolution. It was a time of great social turmoil in Russia; marked by increasing political organizing, worker's strikes and militant actions as well as swift and severe police repression as the Russian people put into practice Karl Marx's famous credo: "Workers of the World, Unite".

The movement of the Mother (Anya Vlassova) from the nervous pessimistic and lonely woman in the opening scenes, to the self-assured, optomistic, staunch people's organizer at the end, is a joy to behold. Memorable scenes -- being taught how to read and spell by a stuffy old professor and rejecting the words "branch", "nest" and "fish" in favor of "worker", "class struggle" and "exploitation"; visiting her son (Pavel) in prison and getting certain important contacts, names, under the "watchful" eyes of the prison guards -- fill the play from beginning to end.

The political intent of The Mother is obviously supporting and, in fact, urging people's revolutionary activity. At one point, while doing propaganda work at a "patriotic copper collection depot". The Mother turns toward the audience and remarks: "Your masters will tell people like you to make ammuniton. But people like you will decide who to shoot at."

There is so much that is good about the San Francisco Mime Troupe's performance of The Mother that, after

-- 18 --
the play, I found myself going over different features of the play hours later. They made me agree, as someone once said: "Great art comes from sound politics". The acting is excellent and the Mime Troupe as a whole has done a tremendous job in not only remaining faithful to the original, but in cleverly and creatively adapting certain parts of the play to fit more modern sympathies. When, for example. The Mother goes into the countryside to deliver newspapers to striking farmworkers, the man she finds is standing with the United Farm Worker Union's "Huelga" flag. This, and the original songs the Mime Troupe adapted for the play, drew loud applause from the packed-in audience.

It was appropriate and fitting that this performance of The Mother at the Neuman Center, University of California in Berkeley, was a benefit sponsored by the Survival Fund, and that proceeds from the performance went to the Black Panther Party's survival programs. As The Mother, herself, comments near the end of the play: "The fate of Man is Man…The victims of Today will be the victors of Tomorrow."

M.F.

-- 19 --

A PROGRAM FOR SURVIVAL

PEOPLE'S FREE MEDICAL
RESEARCH HEALTH CLINICS

Provides free medical treatment and preventative medical care for the people.

PEOPLE'S SICKLE CELL ANEMIA RESEARCH
FOUNDATION

Established to test and create a cure for Sickle Cell Anemia. The foundation informs people about Sickle Cell Anemia and maintains an advisory committee of doctors researching this crippling disease.

PEOPLE'S FREE DENTAL PROGRAM

(Being Implemented)

Provides free dental check-ups, treatment and educational program for dental hygiene.

PEOPLE'S FREE OPTOMETRY PROGRAM

(Being Implemented)

Provides free eye examinations, treatment and eyeglasses for the people.

FREE FOOD PROGRAM

Provides free food to Black and other oppressed people.

FREE BREAKFAST PROGRAM

Provides children a free nourishing hot breakfast every school morning.

PEOPLE'S FREE COMMUNITY
EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM

Provides free job-finding services to poor and oppressed people.

FREE PEST CONTROL
PROGRAM

Free household extermination of rats, roaches and other disease-carrying pests and rodents.

DAVID HILLIARD PEOPLE'S
FREE SHOE PROGRAM

Provides free shoes made at the David Hilliard Free Shoe Factory to the people.

PEOPLE'S FREE PLUMBING
AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

Provides free plumbing and repair services to improve people's homes.

PEOPLE'S FREE CLOTHING PROGRAM

Provides new, stylish and quality clothing free to the people.

INTERCOMMUNAL YOUTH
INSTITUTE

Provides Black and other oppressed children with a scientific method of thinking about and analyzing things. This method develops basic skills for living in this society.

CHILD DEVELOPMENT CENTER

Provides 24-hour child care facilities for infants and children between the ages of 2 months and three years. Youth are engaged in a scientific program to develop their physical and mental faculties at the earliest ages.

LIBERATION SCHOOLS

Provides children free supplementary educational facilities and materials to promote a correct view of their role in the society.

INTERCOMMUNAL NEWS
SERVICE

Provides news and information about the world and Black and oppressed communities.

LEGAL AID AND
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

Provides legal aid classes and full legal assistance to people who are in need.

FREE BUSING TO PRISONS PROGRAM

Provides free transportation to prisons for families and friends of prisoners.

FREE COMMISSARY FOR PRISONERS PROGRAM

Provides imprisoned men and women with funds to purchase necessary commissary items.

SENIORS AGAINST A
FEARFUL ENVIRONMENT
(S.A.F.E.) PROGRAM

Provides free transportation and escort service for senior citizens to and from community banks on the first of each month.

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