Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave Written by Himself. New York: Henry Bibb, 1849. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969. Also reprinted in Puttin’ on Ole Massa. Ed. Gilbert Osofsky. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1969. 51–171 (page citations are to the Negro Universities Press edition). ndrews, William L. To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography. 1760–1865. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.

Blassingame, John W. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South. Rev. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Davis, Charles T. “The Slave Narrative: First Major Art Form in an Emerging Black Tradition.” In Black Is the Color of the Cosmos. New York: Garland, 1982. 83–119.

Diedrich, Maria. “The Characterization of Native Americans in the Antebellum Slave Narrative.” CLA Journal 31.4 (1988): 412–35.

Drew, Benjamin. The Refugee: Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada. Boston: John P. Jewett & Co., 1856. Toronto: Prospero Books, 2000.

Foster, Frances Smith. Witnessing Slavery: The Development of Ante-Bellum Slave Narratives. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979.

Fulcher, James. “Deception and Detection: Some Epistemological Themes of Ethnic Americans in the Nineteenth Century.’’ Markham Review 8 (979): 72–77.

Hill, Daniel. The Freedom Seekers: Blacks in Early Canada. Agincourt, Ontario: Book Society of Canada, 1981.

Hite, Roger W. “Voice of a Fugitive: Henry Bibb and Antebellum Black Separatism.” Journal of Black Studies 4.3 (1974): 269–84.

Howe, S.G. The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West: Report to the Freedman’s Inquiry Commission. 1864. New York: Arno Press, 1969.

Jackson, Blyden. A History of Afro-American Literature. Vol. 1: The Long Beginning, 1746–1895. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989. 141–42.

Koike, Sekio. “The Narrative of Henry Bibb.” Kyushu American Literature 16 (1975): 21–33.

Landon, Fred. “Henry Bibb, a Colonizer.” Journal of Negro History 5.4 (1920): 437–47.

Lowance, Mason L., Jr. “Bibb, Henry.” In The Oxford Companion to African American Literature. Ed. William L. Andrews, Frances Smith Foster, and Trudier Harris. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 58–59.

Matlack, Lucius C. Narrative of the Anti-Slavery Experience of a Minister in the Methodist E. Church: Who Was Twice Rejected by the Philadelphia Annual Conference, and Finally Deprived of Licence to Preach for Being an Abolitionist. Philadelphia: Martin and Boden, 1845.

Mullen, Harryette. “African Signs and Spirit Writing.” Callaloo 19.3 (1996): 670–89.

Osofsky, Gilbert. “Introduction: Puttin’ on Ole Massa: The Significance of Slave Narratives.” Puttin’ on Ole Massa. New York: Torchbooks, 1969. 9–44.

Ripley, C. Peter, et al., eds. The Black Abolitionist Papers. 5 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.

Salzman, Jack, David Lionel Smith, and Cornel West, eds. The Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. 5 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1996.

Silverman, Jason H. “Mary Ann Shadd and the Search for Equality.” In Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Leon Litwack and August Meier. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988. 87–100.

———. Unwelcome Guests: Canada’s Response to American Fugitive Slaves, 1800–1865. Millwood, NY: National University Publications, 1985.

Starling, Marion Wilson. The Slave Narrative: Its Place in American History. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1988. 147–52.

Stepto, Robert B. From behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979.

———. “Sharing the Thunder: The Literary Exchanges of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Bibb, and Frederick Douglass.” In New Essays on Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Ed. Eric J. Sundquist. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 135–54.

Winks, Robin W. The Blacks in Canada: A History. 2nd ed. Montreal: McGill-Queen University Press, 1997.